A proposed dissection procedure for vertebral arteries in forensic pathology

Vertebral artery removing constitutes a significant forensic pathology challenge. Dissection techniques during head-neck autopsy are based on anterior approach, a difficult method, which is unable to assess the transverse part of the artery. This work presents an original and simple method for dissecting vertebral arteries by a posterior approach, opening the vertebroarterial canal through the spinal canal without any special equipment. Once the spinal cord is removed, the transversarium foramens are opened by an internal cut at the pedicle and an external cut at the transverse process. This enables us to visualize vertebral arteries in its entirety. The method improves both the examination of the upper extracranial segment of the vertebral artery and the neuropathological study when arterial injury is suspected. Applying this method routinely is both feasible and useful in suspected cases of vertebral artery trauma and could contribute to assess more precisely the actual incidence of this injury.     

隐私权视野下的网上公开裁判文书之限

裁判文书的上网是落实审判公开的一项有力措施,但其对隐私权的威胁亦不容忽视。裁判文书的全文上网原则上应预先获得当事人的同意,当然,若裁判文书涉及公共利益,则隐私权也应受到限制。但因公共利益的需要而将裁判文书上网时,仍应对具有可识别性的个人信息和其他重要信息予以保密。被害人、证人、未成年人的隐私权应予特殊保护。调解书原则上不应通过网络公开。     

交际有术和谐共振——简析奥普拉·温弗瑞在迈克尔·杰克逊专访中的采访技巧

合作访谈的最高境界就是在采访者与被采访者之间产生和谐共振,而要实现这种高层次沟通交流,达到采访目的,交际术的运用是非常重要的。美国著名节目主持人奥普拉·温弗瑞于1993年成功地对十多年来长期排斥采访的世界顶尖级音乐巨星迈克尔·杰克逊进行了90分钟的专访,成为合作访谈的优秀范例。     

A study of DNA transfers onto plastic packets placed in personal bags

The ability to detect low level DNA brings with it the uncertainty of whether the detected DNA is a result of transfer. To address this uncertainty, a simulation study was conducted in which a mock illicit drug packet was placed into the personal bags of individuals. When the average transit time of the packets was increased from around 2 h to more than 14 h, the percentage of the DNA profiles recovered from the packets which could be attributed to the individuals increased greatly from 5.3% to 48.6%. We found that drug packers who were poor shedders could not be included as contributors to the DNA profiles from the drug packets at all and there was a higher chance that individuals other than themselves could be included as contributors to the DNA profile recovered from drug packets. We also found that it was equally likely that the drug packers who had direct contact with the drug packets and bag owners who did not, could be included as contributors to the DNA profiles recovered from the packets. The results in this study highlight the importance of taking into consideration the transit time of drug packet, the shedder status of the alleged packer and the history of an item, when evaluating DNA evidence in the context of illicit drug activities.     

User control of personal information concerning mobile-app: Notice and consent?

This paper discusses the practical value of the traditional privacy protection measure “notice and consent” in the mobile context. It analyses the weakness of this approach in the mobile context through a user survey and subsequent analysis. This paper will demonstrate, in the context of mobile commerce, the simple ‘notice and consent’ measure may not be a very useful measure to enhance control; moreover, shifting the burden of privacy protection to data subjects' self-control may not be sufficient for meaningful privacy protection in the era of Big Data. Given this reality, some new solutions, such as providing meaningful alternatives, use of more effective privacy protection software, and better design of warnings and nudges are suggested.     

急性乙醇中毒和外伤在蛛网膜下腔出血致死机制中的作用

目的研究人脑在急性乙醇中毒状态下tPA、MMP-2、MMP-9及AEG-1表达水平与乙醇浓度的关系,分析乙醇与外伤在蛛网膜下腔出血死亡机制中的作用。方法选取15例实际案例,提取脑组织进行组织病理学检查、心血进行乙醇浓度检测,用免疫组织化学法观察人脑干、大脑、小脑tPA、MMP-2、MMP-9及AEG-1表达水平。结果急性乙醇中毒外伤组和急性乙醇中毒组的脑组织肿胀。除小脑tPA外,tPA、MMP-2、MMP-9及AEG-1表达水平在饮酒者较未饮酒者在脑干、大脑、小脑均有升高(P0.05),MMP-2、MMP-9和AEG-1表达水平与心血乙醇浓度存在正相关(P0.05,r0.6)。结论急性乙醇中毒状态下人脑tPA、MMP-2、MMP-9、AEG-1表达较未饮酒者均显著增强,MMP-2、MMP-9及AEG-1表达水平与乙醇浓度存在相关性,乙醇对脑细胞有毒性作用。     

线粒体缺氧性损伤及其法医学意义

线粒体是真核细胞中特殊的细胞器,主要功能是进行氧化磷酸化合成细胞活动所需的能量,机体所摄入的氧气绝大部分都在线粒体中被消耗。机械性窒息的精准诊断是法医病理学实践中的难点之一,法医病理学工作者一直致力于寻找一种可靠、敏感的标志物用于机械性窒息的确诊。线粒体对于缺氧环境极为敏感,其损伤标志物或可作为诊断机械性窒息的依据。本文旨在综述缺氧环境下线粒体损伤的研究进展,并探索将线粒体损伤标志物用于法医病理学实践的可能性。     

我国个人信息匿名化的法律标准与规则重塑

大数据时代,匿名化规范既是个人信息保护中风险预防的手段,也是我国数据经济发展中数字流通的法律基础,但匿名化的法律标准在我国法律中还有待明确。欧盟已通过《一般数据保护条例》提出明确的匿名化标准,但该条例基于流程设置的标准适用于欧盟境内尚可,适用于我国或显得过于严苛,有碍数字经济的发展。我国个人信息匿名化法律标准与规则的重塑应当考虑环境、再识别风险,建议进行功能性匿名化。将比例原则应用到我国匿名化法律标准和规则的重塑之中,并将其引入到评估匿名信息接收者的风险等级,有助于降低个人信息被再识别的风险亦有利于匿名化的法律标准制定和规则构建。     

电子商务法中删除权的法经济学分析

大数据时代的到来使得企业、团体、个人都可能获取他人信息,而当代互联网的特性——海量的数据信息、快捷的计算速度以及巨大的储存空间使大数据时代的个人信息保护问题尤为重要。国内外关于删除权的相关法律文本和司法实践已经有较多讨论展开,而从大国博弈、消费者选择和厂商行为三个视角对2019年电子商务法中有关删除权的合理性和前沿性做进一步探讨后,可开启另一认知路径。以法经济学理论和经济学原理进行论证分析后发现,我国需要专门的“个人信息保护法”以确立删除权,而鉴于立法成本和紧迫性,可暂通过完善司法的方式,实现保护公民个人信息的目的。     

数字社会治理的权利逻辑:以个人信息权为中心

以信息技术为核心的数字社会迅速发展,促进多元主体信息交流和资讯共享,给个人信息保护带来挑战。作为数字社会公民身份的基本表征,个人信息权既是数字公民实现全面自由发展的先决条件,也是防范和控制数字权力异化的重要工具。实现数字社会个人信息权保护的价值追求,国家立法机关应秉持作为宪法价值核心的人格尊严进行立法,明晰个人信息权的规范内涵与保护机制;行政机关应遵循权力法定原则,严格基于法律保留、公共利益和比例原则处理和使用个人信息,并建立专门的个人信息权保护的监管机构;司法机关应通过法律适用和司法解释对被侵犯的个人信息权提供及时司法救济,填补法律漏洞,实现数字社会个人信息权保护的制度正义目标。