论撤回公诉

撤回公诉符合诉审分离原则和起诉便宜主义的要求,体现了对公正和效率价值的追求;撤回公诉的时间应当限定在法庭调查终结以前;撤回公诉的理由是发现具备不起诉的情形。为保障当事人的诉讼利益,法院应当对检察机关的撤诉请求进行司法审查,听取被告人、被害人的意见。撤回公诉在法律效力上与不起诉既有相同的方面,也有不同之处。     

基层扶贫"微腐败":生成逻辑与治理路径 ——基于交易成本政治学分析框架

扶贫工作中出现的基层"微腐败"直接影响着扶贫成效乃至农民的获得感,成为新时期反腐败工作的重点。基于交易成本政治学的分析框架,在多重、复杂的委托-代理关系和扶贫任务繁重的背景下,信息拥堵、机会主义和资产专用性引发了政治交易成本,同时诱发了"微腐败"问题。要改变这种政治效率低下、"微腐败"高发的状态,就要找到降低政治交易成本的方法。研究表明,可以从建立承诺机制、引入差异化竞争激励机制、完善乡村治理规范体系以及建设大数据共享平台等四个方面解决基层扶贫"微腐败"问题,提高精准扶贫成效。     

扩大附条件不起诉适用范围之现实可能性

附条件不起诉制度是以起诉便宜主义为理论基底,综合刑法谦抑性、特殊群体状况、诉讼效率等多方面因素做出的价值考量,对于保护被害人、侵害人、社会等多方主体的权益具有至关重要的作用。但制度从试点运行到正式颁布实施经历了较长时间,且实践中适用的案件数量因适用范围狭窄而较少。要在适用主体、案件性质、刑度标准等方面做出相应放宽,从而使附条件不起诉制度在实践中得以扩大适用,以满足制度设立的初衷和意义所在,实现多方权益的均衡兼顾。     

Low-Level,but High Speed?: Assessing Pretrial Detention Effects on the Timing and Content of Misdemeanor versus Felony Guilty Pleas

Abstract

While numerous studies have examined pretrial detention and felony case outcomes, little empirical attention has been devoted to misdemeanor pretrial detention. We theorize that misdemeanants detained for a longer proportion of time will plead guilty quicker because the costs of fighting their charges in jail often outweigh the sanctions they face. Utilizing data on 165,630 felony and misdemeanor cases from Miami-Dade County, Florida, during a 4-year period (2012–2015) we assess whether the effects of pretrial detention length on the timing and content of guilty pleas differ across lower-level and upper-level courts. Survival analyses and multinomial logistic regressions indicate that misdemeanor cases overall and those involving lengthier pretrial detention are resolved faster, with most resulting in non-carceral sanctions such as credit for time served (CTS). Given that misdemeanors make-up the bulk of U.S. criminal cases, these findings reveal important insights about how pretrial detention impacts case-processing dynamics in lower courts.     

不起诉听证制度研究

不起诉听证程序公开、透明,有利于公民监督不起诉决定的作出,从而可以替代现有的不起诉率考核等监督方式,提高不起诉率和不起诉的公正性。不起诉听证仅适用于相对不起诉,可以经利害关系人申请启动也可由检察机关自行决定启动。听证小组主持听证的进行,允许公众旁听,听证结束后由听证小组表决作出是否起诉的决定。在办案期限上,规定单独的听证期限。     

试论未成年人附条件不起诉制度——以刑事诉讼法修正案为背景

刑事诉讼法修正案确立了未成年人附条件不起诉制度,完善了我国不起诉制度,扩张了检察机关的不起诉裁量权。从我国实践和理论层面对未成年人附条件不起诉制度的研究出发,探讨该制度的概念以及性质定位,并对其诉讼构造进行了解析。着重对于未成年人附条件不起诉制度的适用条件、考察机制以及确定力问题进行探讨。     

Exclusion or interests? Why females in elected office reduce petty and grand corruption

Disappointed by the numerous failures of anticorruption reforms, international organisations, scholars and policy makers increasingly place their hopes on measures aimed at enhancing gender equality and in particular increasing the inclusion of female representatives in elected assemblies. Yet most studies to date focus on aggregate measures of corruption and fail to explain why the correlation between women's representation and levels of corruption occurs. Using newly collected regional-level, non-perception-based measures of corruption, this study distinguishes between different forms of corruption and shows that the inclusion of women in local councils is strongly negatively associated with the prevalence of both petty and grand forms of corruption. However, the reduction in corruption is primarily experienced among women. This suggests that female representatives seek to further two separate political agendas once they attain public office: the improvement of public service delivery in sectors that tend to primarily benefit women; and the breakup of male-dominated collusive networks.     

轻罪程序的现代化——醉驾案件程序问题的正本清源

危险驾驶罪不能判处有期徒刑或其以上刑罚,并不符合《刑事诉讼法》规定的逮捕条件,这给刑事司法实践带来了一定的冲击。由于不能逮捕,实务部门往往想方设法对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人进行羁押,甚至出现了超期羁押、违法羁押的情况。有观点认为可以通过适度提高法定刑、灵活运用拘传措施来解决问题。然而,轻罪不羁押,至少尽可能不羁押是国际通行的原则,上述做法并不符合我国刑事诉讼现代化的发展方向。究其问题的原因,主要是我国缺乏相配套的轻罪处理程序、审前羁押程序门槛过低。应当设立相应的轻罪程序,同时将到案与羁押相分离、提高羁押的程序门槛。唯此,方能根本解决危险驾驶罪中出现的程序问题,使轻罪程序走上现代化之路。     

不起诉制度价值追求及其评价

不起诉可分为法定不起诉、酌量不起诉、存疑不起诉、无罪不起诉。不起诉制度有其自在的价值追求 ,对公正、人权、安定、效率的追求。但同时 ,具体的法律规范与不起诉制度的价值追求又有冲突。这种冲突应通过对价值追求的评价 ,对相关法律规范的完善来合理予以解决。     

论刑诉法修改后不起诉制度的适用

本文从新刑诉法对不起诉制度修改的内容梳理入手,总结出体系修改、具体设计修改两方面内容,并以上述内容为切入点深入分析了适用修改后不起诉制度的原则.最后对修改后不起诉制度在实践中可能存在的部分问题进行了分析,并提出解决对策.