中国警察权益救济构筑探析

近年来,警察权益受侵害情况越来越严重,这对公安机关的正常运转带来巨大考验。公安机关应端正侵害警察权益案件的应对措施,在法律、管理、制度等方面维护公安民警的合法权益,明晰警察行为准则,完善警察权益救济措施,从而保障警察权益不受损害,提升警察执法自信。     

警察武力之善法良治——论警察武力法的正义价值标准

警察武力法的正义价值标准由标示正义价值方向的基本理念和标示正义价值尺度的基本原则两项基本要件分级承担并贯彻。中国警察武力法有:社会正义与法律正义有机统一、保权与控权有机统一和价值、规范、事实有机统一三个居位"法上之法"的基本理念和危害行为与武力行为法定、危害行为与武力行为相当、武力行为克减和多样化和正当程序四个居位"法上之法"的基本原则。上述基本理念和基本原则,对系统理解、把握中国警察使用武力的基本原则和构成要件、各种规范的内在关连性,以及构思未来的、"应然"的中国警察武力立法具有不可或缺的重要意义。     

Violence in the city that belongs to no one: urban distinctiveness and interconnected insecurities in Nairobi (Kenya)

ABSTRACT

Rapid urbanisation in the global South has prompted attention to the causes and dynamics of urban violence. Yet, much research tends to either analyse urban violence without attention to the broader conflict complexes of which it forms a part, neglecting linkages between different forms of urban violence and between urban and rural dynamics, or conversely study violence in cities without acknowledging the particularities of the urban context. In this article, we conceptualise urban violence, theorise how it is shaped by urban dynamics and explore its manifestations in Nairobi, Kenya. We find that while Nairobi is not uniquely violent inside Kenya, violence takes on distinct urban forms given city-level processes, and also that urban violence has led to policies that increase securitisation and militarisation of the city. Our analysis thus improves knowledge of how criminal and political violence is shaped by and shapes the stability of developing cities.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

空间法中的国籍联系

“国籍联系”在《外空条约》、《责任公约》、《登记公约》和《营救协定》中具有重要的意义，是界定“本国活动”、“有关国家”、“发射国”、“登记国”的重要标准，是判断“私人行为的归责性”的重要导向，是私人、空间物体的国籍国承担相应损害赔偿责任的重要依据，是划分空间活动责任、风险的重要标准，是空间责任制度的重要组成部分。     

法律行为基础瑕疵制度——德国法的经验及其对我国民法典的借鉴意义

法律行为基础瑕疵制度2002年被纳入《德国民法典》。法律行为基础瑕疵制度与我国现行民法中的重大误解制度、显失公平制度、附条件法律行为制度存在区别,并且具有独立的价值基础。因此,我国未来民法典应当引进此种制度,并对该制度实行分别立法的模式,将法律行为基础欠缺制度规定于总则编,将法律行为基础丧失制度规定于合同法编。     

论我国基层民警压力缓解对策

当前我国基层民警在生活、工作、社会等方面的巨大压力下,产生种种有害于身体和工作的表现状况,这有着多方面的原因,应提出符合基层民警实际情况的有效的缓解压力的措施,为基层民警减压减负献计献策。     

高伤亡状况下对警察勇敢观的重新思考

在社会生活中,较高的公安民警伤亡率具有正负两方面的效应。长期以来,许多警察对勇敢的理解和认识有偏差,从某种意义上说,这是导致警察高伤亡率的一个重要原因。在当前公安机关强调以人为本、从优待警的条件下,借鉴古代思想家对勇敢范畴的认识成果,警察勇敢观应具有四个方面的内涵:面对危险英勇无畏、不怕牺牲的精神,遇事沉着冷静、敢作敢为的心理品质,机智果敢、多谋善断的意识,克敌制胜与自我保护两者完美结合的智慧。     

论警务督察制度的规范化建设

警务督察制度的出现,标志着我国公安机关内部监督机制的建立与完善。但从该制度的运行实践来看,尚存在诸多问题。为更好地保障公安机关依法履行职责、行使职权,加强对警察的执法监督工作,应尽快完善警务督察制度。     

基层民警的基本素质缺陷及对策思考

基层民警的基本素质是基层基础工作的重要方面。当前基层民警的基本素质中还存在不少突出问题,影响和制约着公安机关战斗力的提高。基层民警基本素质缺陷表现为:政治思想方面欠缺;业务素质方面欠缺;体能素质方面欠缺;文化、科技素质方面欠缺;心理素质方面欠缺。