Race and Officer Decision Making: Examining Differences in Arrest Outcomes between Black and White Officers

Since the 1960s, one of the major reform efforts in law enforcement has been to increase the number of Black Americans within police agencies and on patrol in the streets. The general premise behind these efforts has been that increased diversity will improve police–community relations and will decrease biased police behavior, particularly against Black citizens. Policies seeking to reform policing through increasing the numbers of African American officers have been implemented with little empirical evidence that an officer's race (or ethnicity) is actually related to their behavior towards citizens, in particular arrest decisions. Using data from systematic social observations of police–citizen encounters in Cincinnati, OH, this study examines the influence of officer race on arrest outcomes, focusing on the behavior of Black officers. Findings suggest that officer race has direct influence on arrest outcomes and there are substantive differences between White and Black officers in the decision to arrest. In general, White officers in our study were more likely to arrest suspects than Black officers, but Black suspects were more likely to be arrested when the decision maker was a Black officer.     

A REPORT OF THE 2019 HONG KONG PROTESTS

This article is written by a former Royal Hong Kong Police of?cer whose service included Special Branch engaged in counter-terrorism intelligence, and who is currently resident in Hong Kong. It offers a detailed chronological overview of the development of the 2019 protests in Hong Kong; analyses the problems with the political response on the part of the Hong Kong and Beijing governments; it also looks at the tactics employed by the protesters, and critically examines the tactical and strategic response to the protests by the Hong Kong police. It also discusses the broader social and economic causes of the protests, and how the Hong Kong government might best respond to these challenges.     

The Influence of Places on Police Decision Pathways: From Call for Service to Arrest

Research on factors that influence police discretion usually focuses on individual or situational characteristics (e.g., an officer or citizen's age, race or gender, or the seriousness of the incident). In contrast, this study examines whether characteristics of places influence police decisions to “upgrade” or “downgrade” their response to incidents. Earlier research is expanded in three ways: first, rather than examining an isolated decision within the series of decisions that make up an incident, a series of chronological decisions within a “decision‐making pathway” is derived and analyzed. Second, multiple categories of racial and ethnic composition of places and their influence on police decision‐making pathways are examined. Third, decision pathways of a variety of incidents at small geographic places are compared across an entire jurisdiction. Findings indicate that, even when controlling for the level of violence, places with a greater proportion of Black or wealthy residents significantly influence officers' decisions to downgrade crime classifications and actions taken on incidents reported to the police.     

Race,Immigration, and Policing: Chinese Immigrants’ Satisfaction with Police

A considerable body of research focuses on racial and ethnic minorities’ perceptions of police, yet non-Black, non-Hispanic minority groups, Asians in particular, are largely overlooked. Meanwhile, despite a fast growing immigrant population and the increasing demand on local police to enforce immigration law, research on police–immigrant relations remains limited. Using data from over 400 Chinese immigrants, this study examines the issues of race/ethnicity, immigration, and policing with a focal concern on Chinese immigrants’ attitudes toward police. Results indicate that the majority of Chinese immigrants rate police positively in overall performance and specific areas of effectiveness, integrity, and demeanor. Both universal and immigrant-specific factors are important predictors of immigrants’ attitudes. Chinese immigrants’ evaluations of police are not only affected by exposure to media coverage of police misconduct, neighborhood conditions, and city context, but also are intertwined with their opinions of their home country police and perceptions of US immigration authorities.     

关于提高公安院校图书馆数字资源利用率的探析

公安院校图书馆需要发展数字资源馆藏,但现有条件使得数字资源建设难以形成规模,造成馆藏中现有的数字资源缺乏独到的资源优势,难以吸引现有的用户群体,利用率较低,需要从读者培养服务、数字馆藏建设、数字资源服务手段等方面加以调整,以提高馆藏数字资源的利用率。     

论我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动的国内立法

对我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动进行国内立法是我国参与联合国警察维和行动的基本要求。我国目前有关参与联合国民事警察维和行动的国内法依据极为不健全,既没有在相关法律中进行明确规,也没有参与联合国民事警察维和行动专门法律法规,现有的零星规定也存在诸多缺陷。笔者认为,为完善有关维和法律法规,必须对我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动展开专门立法。在立法模式上,由于我国军事维和已经进行了专门立法,因而可以借鉴军事维和立法模式,对我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动作统一立法,或者在人民警察法中单列参与民事警察维和章节。总之,通过对我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动的专门立法,不断促进我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动走上制度化、法治化水平,提高我国参与联合国民事警察维和行动的效率和影响。     

基于公安院校大学英语课程学习现状的调查——以广东警官学院为例

为进一步应对社会警务英语需求,针对公安院校——广东警官学院公安专业学生大学英语课程学习现状进行调查,并进行定量与定性分析,旨在通过对其大学英语课程学习情况的调查与研究,为公安院校大学英语教学改革提供有益的探索与参考。     

公安学术期刊国内网络读者分布状况分析

在网络大众化时代,我国公安学术期刊网络化也已成为一种强劲的普遍的发展趋势。从对CNKI中心网站5年的访问量分析,我国公安学术期刊的国内目标读者和潜在读者分布状况基本令人满意,大体与期刊性质和办刊宗旨相适应,但也存在网络传播情况不平衡、访问量差异较大和影响面有限等问题。     

关于公安“大情报”体系建设的实践与思考

公安"大情报"体系,是实现情报信息主导警务工作模式的重要载体。由于我国公安"大情报"体系建设正处于起步探索阶段,在机构设置、信息采集、情报共享、分析研判等方面还存在着一些不足,应从思想意识、机构设置、平台建设、工作机制等方面加以改进完善,以保障公安"大情报"体系建设的顺利进行。