从“稳定”到“公正与效率”——1990年-2005年最高人民法院工作主题变迁的经济原因考析

在1990-2005年最高人民法院工作报告中,我国法院工作主题经历了由“稳定”到“公正与效率”的变化。分析引起我国法院工作主题变化的经济原因,有助于我们正确把握中国司法体制改革的走向。     

对“治安承包“的思考

"治安承包"作为一种"本土化"的预防犯罪模式,其产生是世界警务形势与我国社会治安现状相结合的产物,它其实属于社区警务改革的诸多法门之一。建立在社区警务基础之上的"治安承包"是有相应的理论和现实基础的,但也有令人思考的余地。     

Structural Reform Policy: Privatisation and Beyond—The Case of Greece

Privatisation, coupled with liberalisation and competition, constitutes one of the most popular policy options to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises. However, in Greece, it was only after 1991 that privatisation started to gain ground in the political and economic agendas of governments. Drawing upon the theoretical underpinnings of privatisation, the paper overviews and critically analyses the new legal framework on denationalisation in Greece. The paper argues that, though the modernisation of the legal regime is welcomed, the Greek government has failed to treat privatisation as part of wider structural reforms aiming at enhancing competition and foreign investment. The paper concludes that wider structural reforms, including regulatory reform and liberalisation, as well as combating corruption and bureaucracy and promoting transparent capital markets, are absolutely necessary in order to create a competitive environment, which would both complement and support privatisation efforts.     

谈道路交通安全立法

我国实行改革开放以来,道路交通迅速发展,对经济、社会发展发挥了重要的推动作用。但是,从总体上看,道路交通发展与经济、社会发展不适应,道路交通安全形势严峻,城市道路拥堵问题日趋严重,在一定程度上制约了经济的发展。因此,以法律规范道路交通安全管理刻不容缓。《道路交通安全法》的颁布是中国道路交通法制建设历程中的一座里程碑,是中国道路交通事业全面走向法治时代的崭新开端。     

Precedent Externality, Network Effect, and the Possible Inefficiency of the Evolution of Laws

Using the traditional scenario of tort conflict as an example, I argue that the marginal precautionary costs of injurers and victims are not constant, as was assumed by most previous researchers. The precedent of a liability rule has some natural externality on the precaution technology, and hence marginal cost, faced by future agents involved in torts. The adoption of legal rules therefore has a network effect, meaning that the present prevalent adoption of one rule increases the probability of its future adoption. Treating the dynamic evolution of legal rules as a random process, we are able to apply an established result in the literature of network economies to conclude the path-dependence, non-predictability, and potential inefficiency concerning the final legal rule to which the dynamics converge.     

论现场勘查中的组织指挥意识

现场勘查,在刑事执法活动中具有较强的普遍性。现场勘查是在被动接报之后的主动"启动",是以"是否实施侦查、如何组织侦查"等作为其活动的实质目标指向。组织指挥者应当培养良好的现代现场勘查组织指挥意识———正确处理好轻重缓急关系的效率意识;正确协调技术与侦查的分合、兼容关系的全局意识;正确吃透现场看准个性的求真意识;正确对待相同点与差异点的辩证意识;正确处理好重点线索查证与整体侦查部署的统筹意识;正确处理好依靠大众传媒与封锁关键情节的双赢意识。     

加强经常性管理工作会面推进学员队建设

经常性管理工作是院校基层建设中根本性和全局性的关键环节.公安院校要以"三个代表"的重要思想为指导,客观分析,科学部署,以学员管理干部为主导,以学员为主体,以落实警务化管理为主线,加强经常性管理,全面推进学员队建设.     

对"重典治乱"提高广州市打击刑事犯罪效率和质量的对策思路

当前影响我市打击犯罪质量与效率的因素是转型期社会经济发展和城市建设加快,各种诱发和产生犯罪的负面因素增多,打击犯罪的难度增大;法制工作各有关环节均存在不适应形势要求的情况,影响打击犯罪的力度;公安机关执法整体水平不高、治安控制整体实力不强."重典治乱"是当前社会治安形势的客观要求;提高打击犯罪效率与质量是其关键环节.当前的主要工作思路主动进攻,形成持续"严打"社会声威;快侦快破,提高打击破案时效;最大限度地把警力安排到街面,提高发现抓获现行犯罪的能力.     

Urban Change and Policing: Mass Private Property Re-considered

This article examines a key explanation for the growth of private policing in North America and Western Europe - the influential mass private property thesis (Shearing and Stenning 1981). The discussion of private policing in Western Europe still tends to be heavily influenced by theories developed in the North American context, theories which may be problematic in the contrasting legal, social and economic contexts of Western European nations. The development of more Eurocentric theories has to date been inhibited by the relative paucity of empirical data on the rise of private policing in European countries. Recent research in Britain (Jones and Newburn 1998b) has begun to address this problem, and to map out some important contrasts with the North American experience. By considering these contrasts, it is possible to identify some key areas for future research on private policing in European countries and thus provide a more contextually-grounded series of explanations for what is happening to policing.Joseph Rowntree Foundation Professor of Urban Social Policy     

Private Policing in Context

This article considers the development, growth and significance of private policing in a wider context. Section one suggests that the rebirth of private policing is associated with - and, in effect, demands - a change in the conceptual framework with which policing is analysed. While section one addresses the conceptual context of private policing, section two examines its theoretical context by considering various explanations for the post-war growth of commercial security. Moving from specific to general accounts, it is suggested that two explanations - one based upon sociological accounts of the development of modern societies, the other on genealogical accounts of developing mentalities - provide a crucial context for understanding contemporary changes in policing and governance. In the next section, two of these changes - the growing influence of risk-based policing and the increasing significance of diverse patterns of governance - are considered in the context of the fragmented forms of security provision (commercial, municipal, civil and state policing) which are prevalent today. A short concluding section offers some final thoughts on how these arguments impact on the governance of policing. One of the implications contained in this article is that the re-emergence of private policing needs to be considered not only as a problem, but also as an opportunity to identify and address critical questions of contemporary governance.