以人为本做好公安院校警务化管理中的思想政治工作

警务化管理是公安院校管理的基本模式,思想政治工作是公安院校育人的重要保障。在警务化管理过程中做好师生的思想政治工作,必须澄清对警务化管理的模糊认识,立足现实,着眼发展,强调综合治理,坚持以人为本。     

Index of Reviewers for 2005

Drawing upon literature from developmental criminology and place‐based policing, the Redlands, California Police Department developed the Risk‐Focused Policing at Places (RFPP) approach to preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency. The RFPP program is a community‐oriented policing and problem‐solving strategy that targets risk and protective factors related to delinquency and problem behaviors of youths living in census block group areas. We used a matched block randomized experimental design to evaluate the effects of the program on youths living in 26 census block groups in Redlands. We find that the RFPP program did not influence self‐reported delinquency, or perceptions of risk and protective factors and police legitimacy. We argue that the primary explanation for the absence of a program effect centers on the unit of analysis used for the program. The census block group is too large a geographic unit of analysis to achieve the kind of targeted and focused interventions that lead to positive crime‐prevention outcomes.     

The Influence of Places on Police Decision Pathways: From Call for Service to Arrest

Research on factors that influence police discretion usually focuses on individual or situational characteristics (e.g., an officer or citizen's age, race or gender, or the seriousness of the incident). In contrast, this study examines whether characteristics of places influence police decisions to “upgrade” or “downgrade” their response to incidents. Earlier research is expanded in three ways: first, rather than examining an isolated decision within the series of decisions that make up an incident, a series of chronological decisions within a “decision‐making pathway” is derived and analyzed. Second, multiple categories of racial and ethnic composition of places and their influence on police decision‐making pathways are examined. Third, decision pathways of a variety of incidents at small geographic places are compared across an entire jurisdiction. Findings indicate that, even when controlling for the level of violence, places with a greater proportion of Black or wealthy residents significantly influence officers' decisions to downgrade crime classifications and actions taken on incidents reported to the police.     

关于公安“大情报”体系建设的实践与思考

公安"大情报"体系,是实现情报信息主导警务工作模式的重要载体。由于我国公安"大情报"体系建设正处于起步探索阶段,在机构设置、信息采集、情报共享、分析研判等方面还存在着一些不足,应从思想意识、机构设置、平台建设、工作机制等方面加以改进完善,以保障公安"大情报"体系建设的顺利进行。     

PROACTIVE POLICING AND ROBBERY RATES ACROSS U.S. CITIES*

In recent years, criminologists, as well as journalists, have devoted considerable attention to the potential deterrent effect of what is sometimes referred to as “proactive” policing. This policing style entails the vigorous enforcement of laws against relatively minor offenses to prevent more serious crime. The current study examines the effect of proactive policing on robbery rates for a sample of large U.S. cities using an innovative measure developed by Sampson and Cohen (1988). We replicate their cross-sectional analyses using data from 2000 to 2003, which is a period that proactive policing is likely to have become more common than that of the original study—the early 1980s. We also extend their analyses by estimating a more comprehensive regression model that incorporates additional theoretically relevant predictors. Finally, we advance previous research in this area by using panel data, The cross-sectional analyses replicate prior findings of a negative relationship between proactive policing and robbery rates. In addition, our dynamic models suggest that proactive policing is endogenous to changes in robbery rates. When this feedback between robbery and proactive policing is eliminated, we find more evidence to support our finding that proactive policing reduces robbery rates.     

浅谈基层警务实战训练的现状

笔者从近几年全国大练兵活动的开展以及普及情况谈起,分析了基层公安机关警务技能训练的现状,强调警务实战技能训练对公安民警,尤其是一线民警的重要意义。     

浅析美国海波因特市社区警务行动——对该市“西部行动”的案例分析

开展社区警务是解决当下我国社会转型期犯罪率较高、治安形势复杂及警力不足等问题的有效方法。由于该理念和实践源于英美等国,这些国家的经验对我国顺利开展社区警务来说十分重要。美国海波因特市2003年开展的社区警务活动是一次较为完整和成功的社区警务行动,借鉴研究其流程及启示,能够有助于我国社区警务理论和实践的发展。     

罗伯特·皮尔“9条警务原则”价值评析

罗伯特·皮尔于1829年建立了"大伦敦警察厅",标志着近代制服警察制度的建立。在建警初期,罗伯特.皮尔提出的九项警务原则,深刻体现了英国警察的性质,使警察事业在英国取得了辉煌的成就,同时对世界许多国家的警察的发展产生了深远的影响,得到了各个历史时期警察的重视,体现了其思想在指导英国警察工作和改革等方面的价值。     

警务攀登过程中的恐惧心理及心理训练

心理训练是警务攀登训练中的一个重要方面。警务攀登过程中恐惧心理产生的主要因素有内在因素和外在图素。提高警务攀登心理素质的训练方法有：唤醒水平的调节训练、促进技术掌握和发挥的心理训练、集中注意力的心理训练以及心理障碍调节。     

Policing the homeless

Research Summary Police officials across the United States are increasingly relying on place-based approaches for crime prevention. In this article, we examine the Safer Cities Initiative, a widely publicized place-based policing intervention implemented in Los Angeles's “Skid Row” that focused on crime and disorder associated with homeless encampments. Crime reduction was the goal. The police division in which the program was undertaken provides 8 years of time-series data serving as the observations for the treatment condition. Four adjacent police divisions in which the program was not undertaken provide 8 years of time-series data serving as the observations for the comparison condition. The data are analyzed using a generalized additive model. On balance, we find that this place-based intervention is associated with meaningful reductions in violent, property, and nuisance street crimes. There is no evidence of crime displacement. Policy Implications This study provides further evidence that geographically targeted police interventions can lead to significant crime prevention benefits, with no evidence that crime is simply displaced to other areas. Criminologists and the media have given the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) little credit for major reductions in crime that have occurred during the past 5 years following a number of major policy reforms. We suggest that researchers should look more closely at the targeted interventions the LAPD has undertaken for evidence-based examples of effective policing. Importantly, this work suggests that crime associated with homeless encampments can be meaningfully reduced with targeted police actions. However, law enforcement actions do not address the roots of homelessness nor most of its consequences. Getting tough on the homeless should not be confused with policies or programs that respond fundamentally to the social and personal problems that homelessness presents.