Overview of: “The Impact of Drug Market Pulling Levers Policing on Neighborhood Violence: An Evaluation of the High Point Drug Market Intervention”

Research Summary Pulling levers policing draws upon the focused deterrence framework, which has shown considerable promise when directed at youth, gun, and gang offenders. However, much less is known about the viability of pulling levers when applied to different contexts as well as to diverse groups of offenders. We examine the High Point (North Carolina) Drug Market Intervention (DMI), the first site to use pulling levers as a place-based policing approach to disrupt a series of open-air drug markets across the city. Eleven years of longitudinal data are analyzed by using difference-in-difference panel regression analyses combined with finite mixture estimation as a means to test for divergence in violent crime patterns. Several key, although inconsistent, findings are presented. First, we found a statistically significant reduction in violent offenses in specific high-crime places (i.e., high-trajectory census blocks) located across the different targeted neighborhoods compared with the remainder of High Point, and relative to comparable nontargeted areas. Second, the citywide violent crime rate actually increased after a series of interventions unfolded, which may suggest limitations with the approach. Finally, trend analyses indicated the strategy had different levels of violent crime impact throughout unique geographic contexts. Policy Implications Rather than arresting every offender identified as having participated in illicit drug trafficking across various geographic contexts within the city, officials in High Point decided to invite low-risk drug offenders to community notification sessions in order to change their perceived risk of punishment as well as to mobilize community members across the different targeted neighborhoods. The suggestive evidence of potential, although limited, violent crime impact illustrates that this type of policing strategy may hold considerable promise. This interpretation gains credence when considered with prior evaluations of the DMI approach that illustrated the potential for reducing drug-related crime and in light of reports of improved police–community relations. The inconsistent findings across all locations and the overall city increase in violent crime toward the end of the study period, however, raise several concerns when interpreting study results. Additionally, our findings suggest that further replications should include systematic problem-identification, process measures, and more precise research designs.     

Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytical review⋆

Our paper presents the results of a meta-analytical review of street level drug law enforcement. We conducted a series of meta-analyses to compare and contrast the effectiveness of four types of drug law enforcement approaches, including community-wide policing, problem-oriented/partnership approaches that were geographically focused, hotspots policing and standard, unfocused law enforcement efforts. We examined the relative impact of these different crime control tactics on street-level drug problems as well as associated problems such as property crime, disorder and violent crime. The results of the meta-analyses, together with examination of forest plots, reveal that problem-oriented policing and geographically-focused interventions involving cooperative partnerships between police and third parties tend to be more effective at controlling drug problems than community-wide policing efforts that are unfocused and spread out across a community. But geographically focused and community-wide drug law enforcement interventions that leverage partnerships are more effective at dealing with drug problems than traditional, law enforcement-only interventions. Our results suggest that the key to successful drug law enforcement lies in the capacity of the police to forge productive partnerships with third parties rather than simply increasing police presence or intervention (e.g., arrests) at drug hotspots.

Global and Neighborhood Attitudes Toward the Police: Differentiation by Race,Ethnicity and Type of Contact

This study focused on a series of hypotheses regarding residents’ attitudes toward the police: (1) residents’ attitudes toward the police are better represented by a two-dimensional model that differentiates global perceptions of the police from assessments of the police in the respondents’ neighborhood; (2) the structure of residents’ attitudes toward the police is different for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos; (3) direct experiences with the police in the respondents’ neighborhood will be more strongly associated with the respondents’ assessment of police in their neighborhood than global perceptions of the police; and (4) the influence of direct experiences with the police will be stronger for African Americans and Latinos than for Whites. Results based on structural equation modeling offer strong support for the need to differentiate between global and neighborhood perceptions of the police. The underlining measurement structure of attitudes toward the police was similar for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos. However, the relationship between global and neighborhood attitudes was stronger for African Americans and Latinos. Negative contact with the police was associated with both negative global and neighborhood assessments of the police. Non-negative contact was associated with positive neighborhood perceptions of the police; however, only when it occurred within the neighborhood. The influence of direct experiences with the police (both inside and outside the neighborhood) was similar for Whites, African Americans, and Latinos.     

关于提高警察勤务效益的几点思考

在经济迅速发展的新形势下,影响社会治安稳定的因素正日益增多,而警察勤务工作自身亦存在诸多问题,致使工作捉襟见肘,效益低下,无法很好地适应当前形势的需要。要改变这种被动局面,就需要从勤务体制、警力资源、科技信息、警民关系、个体素质、保障机制、勤务模式等方面入手,解决"瓶颈性"或障碍性的矛盾,进一步提高警察勤务效益,维护政治安定和社会治安稳定的大局。     

着眼现代警务发展方向深入实施社区警务战略

适应社区建设和公安工作发展方向,开展社区警务建设.保定市和平里派出所着眼现代警务工作发展方向,制定了以控制和减少犯罪为出发点,以发动社会公众参与为基本点,以构筑有效的防控机制为立足点,以密切警民关系为着力点的社区警务发展战略,有效增强了对辖区社会治安的整体驾驭能力和控制能力,初步实现了发案少,秩序好、社会稳定、群众满意的目标.     

论新形势下实现农村公安工作走群众路线的有效形式

创建以“乡村110”报警服务为网络,以驻村警务室为支撑点的新型警务机制,极大地调动了广大群众参与群防群治的积极性,创造性地促进了“打、防、控”长效机制的建设,在防范、打击犯罪和服务群众三方面都取得了显著成效     

"自然法"理念是马克思主义法学的精髓

马克思、恩格斯不仅继承了西方历史上"自然法"高于一切制定法、人为法、实在法的传统,而且把"法",即由社会生产力和经济事实所呈现出来的"社会律"作为自然法则予以强化。认为法之所以演变为法律,不过是经济规律的自然发展所至,人们只有把"法"的自然本质———生产力发展的规律从经济事实中发掘出来,才能正确真实地表达"法律"。为此,他们将"自然法"的内容进行了革新,从另外一方面强化了西方自古以来"自然法"的传统理念。     

加快电子警务建设推进公安工作历史性转变

电子警务建设是一项公安体制创新与计算机技术创新紧密结合,事关公安管理现代化和公安体制改革全局的一项系统工程.实施电子警务建设,利用计算机网络信息技术改进公安组织机构,重组各层公安机关、各种警种的工作流程和管理，对于强化公安机关的社会治安管理职能,转变工作方式和作风,不断提高工作质量和效率,建立起办事高效、动转协调、行为规范的公安行政管理体系将产生深刻的影响.电子警务建设是推进公安工作历史性转变的动力.     

Correlates of the endorsement of two competing policing styles among police cadets in China

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate police cadets’ endorsement of the law enforcement style and the community policing style of policing at a time when both styles of police practices have received significant attention in China. The data used in the analysis were collected from a national police university in China featuring a large sample of 900+ cadets. The first research objective concerns the dimensionality of sentiments toward the two styles of policing among police cadets. The second is the identification of key factors associated with these styles. The principal findings are that police cadets do see the law enforcement style and the community policing style as two distinctive conceptual dimensions. Moreover, different factors are associated with endorsement of each of the two styles of policing. Policy implications of these findings are discussed in some detail.     

政法类高等职业教育警务化课堂的内涵剖析

警务化课堂突破传统的警务化管理局限于学生日常管理的现状,把警务化管理推进到课堂,注重课堂内涵建设,把高等职业教育的素质和能力教育与公安类院校的警务化特色有机结合,坚持＂以人为本＂的理念,建设＂和谐高效、思维对话＂的优质课堂,关注大学生思想政治教育和职业素质养成,以课堂建设为突破口,拓展警务化内涵,提升警务化层次,把警务化管理和课堂建设、课程建设、教学改革有机结合,推动教学手段创新、教学方式规范、教学过程严谨、教学内容丰富,提升教学质量,真正实现＂以学生为本位、以教师为主体＂的教学理念,真正实现高职素质教育的目标。