中国警务五十年实践的回溯及改革前瞻

中国50年警务模式的变迁非常相似于西方历次警务改革的轨迹和变革方向,即政治警务模式逐渐过渡到专业警务模式和反应式警务模式,最终向服务与权变警务模式靠拢。我国目前社区警务的推进必须关注以下问题:正确理解社区警务的概念、政府在社区警务战略中的作用、警察在社区警务战略中的定位、社区组织的健全与自治、社区认同感的培养、社区治安意识蕴育与强化。     

Apartheid Policing: examining the US migrant labour system through a South African Lens

This article draws a parallel between the Apartheid regime in South Africa and the post-IRCA immigration regime in the USA. I argue that both regimes were organised around Apartheid Policing, which may be defined as a legal process consisting of three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: differentiation of migrants into non-citizen insiders with legal residence rights and non-citizen outsiders without them; stabilisation of migrants as permanent or long-term residents, enabling the growth of the migrant workforce; and marginalisation of migrants as politically vulnerable outsiders, including exploitation at work. But the two regimes were supported by different political and ideological apparatuses. While placing a disproportionate burden on Latino migrants, the post-IRCA immigration regime differed from the Apartheid regime in that it was not organised around an explicit racial hierarchy, and offered non-citizens a greater array of rights. As a result, Apartheid Policing under the post-IRCA immigration regime is potentially more politically sustainable.     

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

The primary aim of any DNA Database is to link individuals to unsolved offenses and unsolved offenses to each other via DNA profiling. This aim has been successfully realised during the operation of the New Zealand (NZ) DNA Databank over the past five years. The DNA Intelligence Project (DIP), a collaborative project involving NZ forensic and law enforcement agencies, interrogated the forensic case data held on the NZ DNA databank and collated it into a functional intelligence database. This database has been used to identify significant trends which direct Police and forensic personnel towards the most appropriate use of DNA technology. Intelligence is being provided in areas such as the level of usage of DNA techniques in criminal investigation, the relative success of crime scene samples and the geographical distribution of crimes. The DIP has broadened the dimensions of the information offered through the NZ DNA Databank and has furthered the understanding and investigative capability of both Police and forensic scientists. The outcomes of this research fit soundly with the current policies of 'intelligence led policing', which are being adopted by Police jurisdictions locally and overseas.     

RACE,DRUGS, AND POLICING: UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES IN DRUG DELIVERY ARRESTS*

This article draws on several unique data sources to assess and explain racial disparity in Seattle's drug delivery arrests. Evidence regarding the racial and ethnic composition of those who deliver any of five serious drugs in that city is compared with the racial and ethnic composition of those arrested for this offense. Our findings indicate that blacks are significantly overrepresented among Seattle's drug delivery arrestees. Several organizational practices explain racial disparity in these arrests: law enforcement's focus on crack offenders, the priority placed on outdoor drug venues, and the geographic concentration of police resources in racially heterogeneous areas. The available evidence further indicates that these practices are not determined by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Our findings thus indicate that race shapes perceptions of who and what constitutes Seattle's drug problem, as well as the organizational response to that problem.     

PROFILING AND POLICE LEGITIMACY: PROCEDURAL JUSTICE,ATTRIBUTIONS OF MOTIVE,AND ACCEPTANCE OF POLICE AUTHORITY*

This paper reports the results of four studies that investigate racial profiling as an attribution about police motives. Each study explores, first, the types of police behavior that heighten or lessen the occurrence of profiling attributions and, second, the consequences of such attributions. Results support prior studies in finding that judgments about whether the police are profiling are associated with the level of public support for the police. The studies then extend the analysis of subjective profiling judgments by examining their antecedents. The findings support the procedural justice hypothesis that the fairness with which the police exercise their authority influences whether members of the public view the police as profiling.     

社区:21世纪中国城市犯罪预防的基地

城市居民社区是人们日常生活的基本场所,在人们的社会生活中举足轻重;尤其是改革开放以来,人口的流动、“单位人”向“社会人”的转变等社会生活的变化,使人们与社区之间的联系日益密切,社区在履行社会管理职能、实现社会控制方面发挥着日益突出的不可替代的作用;同时,以公众参与为基础和保证的犯罪预防思想成为我国现代刑事政策的主流。在此社会背景下,社区必将成为新世纪中国城市犯罪预防的基地,在犯罪预防中居于基础性地位。     

刍议中国的社区警务

社区警务是当前我国公安机关和警学界关心的热点问题之一。在全国各地公安机关社区警务建设中,有必要明确社区警务的基本理论;明确社区警务在中国实施应进一步转变思想,更新观念;正确处理好社区警务与治安基层基础工作、社会治安综合治理、警察装备现代化、社区建设的关系。     

关于加强警务战略效果评估工作的思考

警务战略效果评估是警务战略指导者依据一定的标准和程序,对警务战略执行后在达成目标、完成任务上的效果进行判断的一种战略指导行为.这种战略指导行为对于改进战略制定系统,完善战略运行机制,提高警务战略的有效性具有重要意义.公安机关应积极采取推进措施,加强其战略指导作用.     

论警务公开的完善

警务公开是公安机关及人民警察在行使警察权的过程中,通过一定形式,依法向社会公众传播或发布协调、处理警察关系的各种相关信息,对确保公正执法具有重大意义。当前,我国警务公开尚存在若干问题和不足,关键是未将警务公开置于政府信息公开的大背景下考虑。为此,应宏观把握,战略思考,从进一步改革创新公安机关的保密制度,处理好公安机关与新闻媒体的关系,完善相关法律规定等方面予以完善。     

社区警务的含义及特点

社区警务的实质是一种以警民合作为核心的警察哲学和由此衍生出来的以预防为主、以民为本的警务策略。其特点在于在重视打击的同时也重视防范 ;强调与社会公众合作 ;强调以社区服务为基本形式 ;组织策略是充分授权的 ;重视警民关系。社区警务最根本之处在于深入社区、警民合作、依靠群众。