对贫富差距的理性思考

改革开放以来,我国在政治、经济、文化等诸多方面都取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。事实雄辩地证明了改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,方向和道路是完全正确的,成效和功绩不容否定。但是随着改革的深入,出现了许多深层次的矛盾和问题。本文就我国目前存在的贫富差距问题进行了深入思考,分析了贫富差距产生的诸多原因,阐述了对贫富差距的看法以及缓解贫富差距扩大的措施。     

The neglected female unemployment in Sweden during the Great Depression

ABSTRACT

The unemployment statistics of the 1930s’ Great Depression have often been used as a way of estimating the endurance and severity of the economic crisis in different countries. The Swedish unemployment data have, among other things, been used in comparison with the American data to describe the different economic development that these two countries experienced during the twentieth century. Sweden’s ‘work approach’ to unemployment during the Great Depression has also been highlighted in earlier research as an answer to the question of why Sweden managed the Great Depression quite well and was able to kick-start the development of the welfare state. Unfortunately, the official unemployment data mainly covered men; female unemployment has been neglected both in the official records and in earlier research, and the praised ‘work approach’ only targeted male unemployment. In this paper, a new and previously neglected source of unemployment data is brought into the light in the form of poor relief statistics. From this information, a new estimation of the female unemployment during the Great Depression is made, which questions the grand conclusions that have been reached regarding the connections of the crisis and the later welfare state construction.     

高校贫困生心理健康问题探析

本文通过对高校贫困生心理存在的自卑、焦虑、沮丧、文饰、狭隘五个问题,进行分析,找出其受影响的三个因素,即家庭因素、社会因素、个体因素,并提出通过引导、帮助、鼓励的对策来调解贫困生心理问题。     

Who is poor in China? A comparison of alternative approaches to poverty assessment in Rural Yunnan

Despite widespread recognition of the multidimensionality of poverty among social scientists and policymakers, the monetary approach still dominates poverty assessment. However, it is possible that different poverty assessment methodologies identify dissimilar households as poor, leading to disparate policies for poverty reduction. This empirical research applies four approaches to poverty identification to the same population of rural households in Wuding County, Yunnan Province, PRC. These approaches include China's official poverty identification method, participatory poverty assessment (PPA), the monetary approach to poverty assessment, and use of multidimensional poverty indicators (MDI). This study discovered that these four approaches generate different aggregate poverty incidences, identifying different households with distinctly different characteristics as poor. Each approach evaluates different aspects and dimensions, highlighting some characteristics while concealing others. There is very little overlap among the poor households identified by each methodology. This has implications at the conceptual, methodological, and policy levels. The conceptual understanding of poverty should be broadened to include multidimensional and multidisciplinary socioeconomic indicators. Multiple approaches must be applied in order to avoid marginalising some aspects of poverty. Poverty reduction strategies should shift from promoting short-term income-generating activities to a broader combination of strategies that address the inter-linked structural causes of poverty.     

市场经济与可持续发展

将可持续内容进行细致分类,并分析不可持续产生的根源,是制定社会发展政策的依据。市场经济条件下选择适当的增长方式是可持续发展的必然要求。因此,必须以国家为主体,行使强制手段,如征税、额外付费方式加以控制。同时应改变“先污染,后治理”的经济发展模式。     

浅析我国居民消费增长减缓的影响因素及对策

随着居民收入的增长,我国居民消费水平不断提高,但目前却存在居民消费乏力的现象,对整个国民经济的健康稳步发展产生不利的影响。居民收入增长缓慢,就业压力大,社会保障体系不健全和不规范的市场竞争等等,是影响我国居民消费增长的主要因素。     

太阳灶对贫困妇女生活质量的改善--西藏白朗县的实证研究

实地研究发现,在西藏白朗县,农村利用太阳灶替代出了大量的能源牛粪;减轻了贫困家庭妇女的劳动强度;改善了妇女的生活卫生条件和环境,增加了贫困妇女的自尊心,增加了妇女交流的机会,改善了农户的饮食质量。总之改善了贫困妇女的生活质量。     

Prediction of Police Officer Performance Among New Mexico State Police as Assessed by the Personality Assessment Inventory

Little research has been conducted regarding the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in law enforcement screening and selection. The limited body of research that does exist appears to support its utility in the selection process. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Psychological Rating Risk Factor Statement (PRRFS) developed by Roberts, Thompson, and Johnson (2004) in predicting and discriminating problem from non-problem New Mexico State Police (NMSP) applicants. PAI profiles for each officer were obtained and transferred into the PAI Law Enforcement, Corrections, and Public Safety Selection software program, which generated probability estimates (PRRFS) to predict the likelihood that participants were not well-suited for a career in law enforcement. Subsequent logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistical analyses revealed that the PRRFS was ineffective in predicting and discriminating between problem and non-problem officers. Potential explanations for this finding are discussed.     

贫困地区农村文化建设的调查与思考——以甘肃省陇南市为例

当前贫困地区农村文化建设主要存在着七个方面的困难和问题。适应于新形势、新要求,贫困地区应从八个方面积极推进农村文化建设。     

做好高校贫困生资助工作的思路

近几年，国家不断加大对高校贫困生的资助力度，构建了以国家助学贷款为主．以“奖、助、补、减”为辅的贫困生资助体系，也取得了很大成效。为进一步搞好这项工作，应把好贫困生资格认定关；完善现有贫困生资助体系，形成多层次、全方位的混合型资助体系；建立与完善贫困生资助工作监督体系；实施精神资助，践行高校育人功能；增强资助工作管理人员工作的主动性，加强管理队伍的职业道德建设。