Heteroplasmies detected in an amplified mitochondrial DNA control region from a small amount of template

When mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmies are detected, they often confound forensic identification, especially if they are the result of poor biological sampling. In this study, we determined the ratio of heteroplasmy in samples that were amplified from a very small amount of template mtDNA or a few cells using a highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure and a direct sequencing analysis. As a result, more than half of the detected sequences (i.e., 17/20, 15/20, and 14/20) showed homoplasmy derived from a variation in the heteroplasmy proportion when only 10 copies of template mtDNA samples were amplified and analyzed. Additionally, with products amplified from one or several white blood cells (WBCs), several previously undetected heteroplasmies were detected. These results indicate the risks associated with using highly sensitive mtDNA techniques in forensic investigations because of the variable proportions of heteroplasmy or nucleotide substitutions that can possibly be detected from a very small biological sample.     

Forensic utility of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 of domestic dogs, in conjunction with breed and geographic information

The 608-bp hypervariable region 1 (HV1) sequences from 36 local dogs were analyzed to characterize the population genetic structure of canid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Sixteen haplotypes were identified. A 417-bp segment of this sequence was compared with GenBank sequences from a geographically representative sample of 201 dogs, two coyotes, and two wolves. Sixty-six haplotypes were identified including 62 found only in domestic dogs. Fourteen of these correspond to the 16 local haplotypes and were among the most frequent haplotypes. The local sample was judged to be representative of the much broader geographic sample. No correlation was observed between local haplotypes and the owner's characterization of dog breed. A 60-bp variation "hotspot" within the canid HV1 was identified as a potentially valuable molecular tool, particularly for assaying limited or degraded DNA samples.     

不同地域痹证中医药治疗特色

痹证是因风、寒、湿、热等外邪侵袭人体,闭阻经络而导致气血运行不畅的病证。痹证的发生与体质的盛衰以及气候条件、生活环境密切相关。西北方之人患痹证,宜用疏通重剂、温热之药;东南方之人患痹证,宜用疏通轻剂、清凉之品;中部之人患痹证,当因地制宜。以中医理论为指导,结合痹证的现代研究,基于中医地域医学特色,探讨不同地域痹证的辨证及治疗特色具有重要意义。     

对京津冀区域经济一体化发展的探析与思考

京津冀经济圈在长江三角洲、珠江三角洲经济区域崛起之后,正逐渐显现出将成为中国区域经济第三极的趋势,但在复杂多变的形势面前,挑战与机遇同在,困难与前景并存,如何摆脱困境,把握机遇,迎接挑战,是值得我们深思的现实和理论问题。     

民族区域自治地方少数民族干部培养问题研究

能否造就一支宏大的德才兼备的少数民族干部队伍,事关党的民族政策能否真正落到实处,事关民族地区的经济社会发展,事关民族地区的振兴乃至整个中华民族的振兴.     

关于解决贫困生上学难问题的反思

贫困生的产生和存在是一个复杂的社会问题,它的根本解决有赖于诸多社会条件,也具有多方面的社会意义。高校几年来助学工作的基本思路和具体措施值得反思。建议高校在这个问题上不介入、不减免、不勉强,即不再充当学生借贷的介绍人;对所有学生都不再以“贫困”为理由减免学费;如果新生录取当年就入学确有困难,不勉强其当年报到。更多地按市场经济的规律办事。     

从产业结构分析我国西部开发的融资行为

能否获得足够的资金支持关系着西部大开发的成败,而投资的效益则决定着资金的流向,从而影响着产业的布局。本文从产业结构角度研究西部开发的资金运用情况,为西部大开发的融资提出政策性建议。     

以先进文化促进陕西经济的发展

先进文化对经济的发展具有很大的促进作用。而对于经济相对落后的陕西,改造落后文化,建设先进文化以求促进经济的发展尤为紧迫。在当代中国,先进文化即有中国特色的社会主义文化,其内涵丰富。陕西建设先进文化的当务之急是加快建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的新经济文化。     

坚持科学发展观与建设西部小康社会

建设西部小康社会,是我国全面建设小康社会的重要组成部分.本文阐述了坚持科学发展观对建设西部小康社会的战略意义,探讨了西部地区实践科学发展观的有效途径.     

“While a Storm is Raging on the Open Sea”: Regional Development in a Knowledge-based Economy

The Triple Helix of university–industry–government (UIG) relations is elaborated into a systemic model that accounts for interactions among three dimensions. By distinguishing between the respective micro-operations, this model enables us to recombine the “Mode 2” thesis of a new production of scientific knowledge and the study of systems of innovation with the neo-classical perspective on the dynamics of the market. The mutual information in three dimensions provides us with an indicator for the self-organization of the resulting network systems. The probabilistic entropy in this mutual information can be negative in knowledge-based configurations. The knowledge base of an economy can be considered as a second-order interaction effect among interactions at interfaces between institutions and functions in different spheres. Proximity enhances the chances for couplings and, therefore, the formation of technological trajectories. The next-order regime of the knowledge base, however, can be expected to remain pending as selection pressure.