The Demise of Tax Credits

Introduced in the late 1990s, tax credits grew under successive Labour governments to become a cornerstone of UK social policy. Distinguished from traditional welfare policies by their target group and their mode of administration, and with goals that appeared capable of commanding support across the ideological spectrum, tax credits until recently seemed to hold the key to tackling poverty in a politically popular manner. But since 2010 the tax credit system has been systematically dismantled, initially qualitatively and latterly also quantitatively. This paper discusses the multiple factors that help to explain the rapid fall from grace in the UK of this liberal approach to supporting the incomes of poor working households.     

我国城镇贫困群体社会救助状况实证研究

社会救助是协调公平与效率关系的基本途径。本文从全国城镇贫困群体的社会救助出发,在对其整体状况进行分析的同时,以现有经济理论为基础,通过实证检验影响我国社会救助的重要因素,从而为进一步完善我国的城镇贫困群体社会救助制度提供相应的经验证据。     

家庭困难学生心理问题及调适

教育培养成本主体的转换,导致了高校经济困难的学生群体的形成。作为大学校园里的一个特殊群体,经济困难的学生不仅要承受巨大的经济压力,还要承受巨大的学习压力和精神压力,在他们中间不同程度地存在着这样或那样的心理问题。为解决这些心理问题,就要教育学生正确认识自己、增强自信、树立正确的贫困观、积极参加集体活动、提高对环境的适应能力,同时积极开展勤工俭学活动。     

Validating the consistency of cSNPs analysis results between DNA and RNA using SNaPshot method

The use of coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) was recently proposed as a potential method for individual identification because it allows mRNA profiling and DNA typing to be performed concurrently. Nevertheless, availability of this approach still needs some further validation in different aspect. In this study, we have initially selected several SNP loci located in mRNA molecules that were confirmed to be highly expressed in blood. Both coding regions (CDRs) and untranslated regions (UTRs) were taken into consideration during the screening. Genomic DNA (gDNA) and total RNA from venous blood samples were isolated, followed by the synthesis of first-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) using purified RNA samples. Subsequently, the genotypes of these SNPs were respectively determined with gDNA and cDNA by using SNaPshot method. The PCR primers for cDNA were designed to span an intron in order to ensure that the amplification products were not due to the presence of potential DNA contamination. In summary, our study revealed a high consistency of cSNP analysis results between DNA and RNA on capillary electrophoresis platform, which highlighted the potential use of cSNP in forensic investigation.     

艾灸对创伤后应激障碍小鼠行为学及下丘脑外侧区c-fos的影响及c-fos与行为学的相关性分析

目的 观察艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”对创伤后应激障碍(post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)小鼠行为及小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达的影响。方法 将C57小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组,每组6只。模型组、艾灸组采用改良的单次长时间应激和电刺激(single prolonged stress and electrical stimulation,SPS&S)方法复制PTSD模型。艾灸组予艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”连续干预7 d。利用旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和条件性恐惧测试实验检测小鼠行为,采用免疫荧光检测小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠体质量,旷场实验中央场时间、中央场距离显著减少(P＜0.05),高架十字迷宫实验开臂进入次数和时间均显著减少(P＜0.05);条件性恐惧测试实验中,背景恐惧和声音恐惧的冻结时间均显著增加(P＜0.05);小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05)。与模型组比较,艾灸组小鼠体质量,旷场实验中央场时间、中央场距离显著增加(P＜0.05),高架十字迷宫实验开臂进入次数和时间均显著增加(P＜0.05);条件性恐惧测试实验中,背景恐惧和声音恐惧的冻结时间均显著减少(P＜0.05);小鼠下丘脑外侧区c-fos表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论 艾灸“内关”“阳陵泉”穴能够显著改善PTSD小鼠焦虑抑郁样行为,其机制可能与调节下丘脑外侧区的c-fos表达有关。     

常见中医证型Wilson病患者情绪智力水平与病变脑区相关性

目的 探讨常见中医证型的Wilson病（Wilsons disease,WD）患者情绪智力水平、维度特征及其与病变脑区的相关性。方法 采用情绪智力水平量表（emotional intelligence scale, EIS）对103例肝胆湿热证、痰湿阻络证及肝肾阴虚证WD患者以及47例健康者进行测评,并对WD患者进行颅脑MRI检查。结果 与正常组比较,痰湿阻络证组EIS总分及表达能力、自我管理及管理他人3项因子分均减少（P<0.05）,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分及全部4项因子分均减少（P<0.05）,肝胆湿热证组EIS总分和各维度因子分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与肝胆湿热证组比较,痰湿阻络证组EIS总分及表达能力因子分减少（P<0.05）,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分、情绪感觉能力及自我管理因子分减少（P<0.05）;与痰湿阻络证组比较,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分和各维度因子分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肝胆湿热证WD患者以基底节、脑干、丘脑损伤为主,痰湿阻络证WD患者以基底节、脑干、丘脑损伤为主,肝肾阴虚证WD患者以基底节损伤、脑干损伤、脑萎缩为主。额叶皮质损伤与WD患者EIS总分及表达能力因子分呈正相关（P<0.05）;苍白球损伤与WD患者EIS总分及管理他人因子分呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 痰湿阻络证及肝肾阴虚证WD患者情绪智力水平较低,而肝胆湿热证WD患者情绪智力正常;3种常见中医证型WD患者中,以基底节及脑干损伤较为常见;额叶皮质及苍白球损伤是影响WD患者情绪智力水平的因素。     

宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水处理与污染现状调研

宁夏南部山区马铃薯种植面积不断扩大,淀粉加工企业迅速增加,马铃薯产业已成为农民增收的重要渠道。但随之产生的水资源浪费和污水排放问题日趋严重。     

广西地区首发原发性肝癌患者体质状况调查

目的 研究广西地区首发原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)患者体质分布状况。方法 采用中华中医药学会发布的《中医体质分类与判定》标准对147例广西地区首发PLC患者的体质类型进行辨识，对各种体质类型的频数分布进行统计学描述。结果 患者的体质类型分布为：平和质55例(37.4%)，气虚质9例(6.1%)，阳虚质12例(8.2%)，阴虚质2例(1.4%)，痰湿质6例(4.1%)，湿热质29例（19.7%），血瘀质18例（12.2%），气郁质7例(4.8%)，特禀质9例(6.1%)。广西地区首发PLC患者的偏颇体质主要以湿热质、血瘀质和阳虚质3种体质为主，PLC患者的体质存在显著的性别差异(P<0.01)。男性以湿热质、血瘀质为主，而女性以阳虚质、血瘀质为主。结论 广西地区PLC患者偏颇体质以湿热质为主，血瘀体质是PLC的高发体质。