The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys

The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders, parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction. Ideal body internalization and body mass index did not demonstrate significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.

犯罪心理学研究中运用量化方法引起的理论思考

量化与统计分析是一项重要的研究方法,在犯罪心理学研究中得到了广泛运用,同时也存在着使用的局限性。犯罪人有很强的心理掩饰性,对包括犯罪人在内的人的心理的测量实际上是一种间接测量,测得的数据是心理学家标定的数据,兼有客观性与主观性。量化研究如果不与科学思维相结合,有可能得出浅薄平庸甚至错误的结论。心理学研究应当以“人性”为基点,多种方法综合运用,实现量化方法与非量化方法的有机结合。     

古代汉语没有积极修辞的转类吗--与郭焰坤先生商榷

转类作为一种积极修辞格,具有特定的修辞结构和特殊的修辞效果。这种辞格早在先秦时期就已经出现,运用也渐趋成熟。而《修辞学习》1998年第二期发表了《转类性质的历史演变》一文,其作者郭焰坤先生列举了大量名词适用的例子,认为“转类在不同的时代有不同的性质”、“先秦两汉时的转类不是辞格”、“转类作为一种积极修辞方式,它萌芽于明末清初而成熟于五四之后”。郭焰坤先生的这一观点值得商榷。     

Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence were explored. Three developmental models proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus (1994, Psychol. Bull. 115: 424–433), which attempt to explain the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, were tested. Multiple regression analyses conducted to test Model 1 identified two etiological factors associated with gender differences of depression, namely, stress in the adolescent–mother relationship and a more negative body image. Tests of Model 2 revealed etiological factors which correlated with depression in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. The correlational patterns of avoidant coping and body image emerged as relevant factors for Model 2. Finally, tests of Model 3 searched for factors which were more likely to be observed in adolescent girls than boys and which would put girls at risk should they interact with a third etiological factor. Early maturational timing emerged as a factor for Model 3.     

中国西部财政供养人口适度比例问题研究--经验模型及实证应用

本文运用数理方法对我国西部地区的经济增长与财政供养人口适度比例之间的关系问题进行了系统深入的研究,提出了通过建立数学模型,用静态经验系数和动态经验系数,对贫困地区的政府机构和行政人员数量进行科学控制的新思路.     

同一个体发毛角蛋白电泳谱型的分析

用SDS -PAGGE对收集到的 2 0例人体表毛发 (头发、阴毛、腋毛、腿毛 )角蛋白组分进行了分析。结果表明 ,同一个体毛发角蛋白电泳谱型基本相同 ,用激光光密度仪对电泳凝胶板扫描后证实 ,同一个体毛发角蛋白组分相对百分含量也无明显差异 ;人头部不同部位 (顶部、左侧、右侧、额部、枕部 )头发角蛋白的电泳谱型和角蛋白组分相对百分含量也基本相同。同一个体毛发角蛋白组分的分析 ,可为法医物证学鉴定中的毛发个人识别提供重要的依据。     

Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Among Adolescents

The purpose of this article is to examine the self-reported sexual attitudes and behaviors of adolescents living in the Midwest. A survey was administered to 463 African American youths ages 11–19. The results indicate that intent to have sexual intercourse, reported likelihood toward having sexual intercourse, and whether participants felt that they would have sex in the next 3 months were predictors of whether they had sexual intercourse at the 3-month follow-up. The results also revealed that the opinions of referent others did not predict sexual intercourse at 3 months. Negative attitudes toward condoms did predict condom use at 3 months and the opinions of referent others also predicted condom use at 3 months. Limitations as well as future research are also discussed.     

单位犯罪若干问题再研究

单位犯罪是市场经济的必然产物。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立 ,单位犯罪问题逐渐增多。但是在当前的司法实践中 ,对单位犯罪的认识仍存在许多误区 ,影响了打击力度。     

能动司法的实现条件——一个中美比较的视角

近年来,司法能动作为一种与司法克制相对的司法意识形态,引起国内法学界和实务界的关注,很多学者和法官倡导在司法实践中应该充分发挥法官的自由裁量权,实行＂能动的司法＂。但是,能动司法的实现需要多方面条件和因素来支持,否则实行能动司法于法治是不利的。通过比较中美两国在法律文化、法律制度等方面的差异,分析美国能动司法的实现条件,发现中国的不足,有利于推动中国实行有限的＂能动司法＂,构建和谐的法治社会。     

齐鲁文化与新时期山东精神

山东悠久的历史和强大的文化传统是构建新时期山东精神的历史起点。传统的两面性决定了齐鲁文化既给新时期山东精神的构建提供了思想资源和精神动力,也会形成惰性力量产生负面影响,这就要求必须站在时代的高度,把对其优劣的认识从潜意识的自发层次提升到有意识的自觉层次,扬长避短,以对当下社会产生积极的意义。