积极福利国家中政府社会管理职能的分析

什么是积极社会福利,构建积极福利制度有什么意义,怎样构建和政府在其中角色定位和具体职责是什么,对其的正确理解,将有助于我国社会福利的建设和发展。     

The state of the art in privacy impact assessment

There is growing interest in Europe in privacy impact assessment (PIA). The UK introduced the first PIA methodology in Europe in 2007, and Ireland followed in 2010. PIAs provide a way to detect potential privacy problems, take precautions and build tailored safeguards before, not after, the organisation makes heavy investments in the development of a new technology, service or product. This paper presents some findings from the Privacy Impact Assessment Framework (PIAF) project and, in particular, the project's first deliverable, which analyses the similarities and differences between PIA methodologies in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, with a view to picking out the best elements which could be used in constructing an optimised PIA methodology for Europe. The project, which began in January 2011, is being undertaken for the European Commission's Directorate General Justice. The first deliverable was completed in September. The paper provides some background on privacy impact assessment, identifies some of its benefits and discusses elements that can be used in construction of a state-of-the-art PIA methodology.     

Privacy and the regulation of 2012

This paper explores the European Commission’s proposal for a new Regulation to update and reform data protection law in Europe. As regards the Regulation itself, without presenting an exhaustive analysis of all the provisions, this paper aims to highlight some significant changes proposed to the data protection regime by comparison between Directive 95/46 and the proposed Regulation. It takes particularly into account legislative innovation concerning data protection principles, data subjects’ rights, data controllers and data processors obligations, and the regulation of technologies. Before analyzing these innovations, it introduces some considerations about the Commission’s choice to use a Regulation instead of a Directive to harmonize national data protection regime.     

浅析财务管理职能转变对企业价值的影响

面对日益激烈的国际竞争,现代企业管理职能也不断地发生着变化。财务管理是企业管理中的重要一环,而传统的财务管理已经不能适应现代企业的发展。因此,财务管理职能转变是实现现代企业价值的必然趋势。运用文献资料法、理论分析法等研究方法,分析当前企业在财务管理职能转变方面所面临的问题和企业价值管理的目标及转变财务管理职能运用的措施,可为我国企业财务管理提供一些参考。     

义务犯的正犯原理

义务犯是一种有别于支配犯的独立正犯形态。义务犯之义务是一种专属于义务主体的积极义务,该义务未必是来自于刑法之外的先刑法义务。一方面,义务犯具有独特的理论价值：一是能够克服传统理论对身份犯处理的误区,并赋予身份性构成要件以特殊的地位;二是弥补传统支配犯理论在处理不作为犯上的不足,并为解决不作为犯中的理论难题提供完善的解决方案。另一方面,为了防止义务犯走向过度保护法益的消极面,也要对义务犯的适用空间进行合理限缩。     

Improving the point of origin determination in bloodstain pattern analysis

In bloodstain pattern analysis, it is important to know the point of origin (PO) of an impact pattern. This point can be estimated by means of the stringing method, the tangent method, or by commercially available computer programs. In this study, the accuracy of two computer programs was investigated under different conditions. Impact patterns were created by means of a modified mouse trap, and subsequently the PO was calculated. By examining the characteristics of single bloodstains, the influence on the deviation could be determined. To improve the estimation of the PO, it is important to select bloodstains that lie close to the presumable location of the blood source, that are large (width >1.5 mm) and that show an elliptical form. If possible, bloodstains from different walls should be taken into account. Our recommendations may improve the PO determination of impact patterns.     

韩国—欧盟自由贸易区对中国外贸的影响分析

由于贸易转移效应,韩欧自由贸易区(FTA)将可能对中国外贸产生一定的负面影响。结合一般均衡模型,模拟韩欧FTA对中国总量进出口、中国各产业进出口、中国贸易条件和福利水平等指标的影响进行研究,结果表明:韩欧FTA将降低中国部分产业的进出口,恶化中国贸易条件,导致中国福利水平下降。同时韩欧FTA将使得中国出口产品在韩欧两个市场上的竞争力产生大小不等的负面影响。     

Socio‐economic Considerations in Biosafety and Biotechnology Decision Making: The Cartagena Protocol and National Biosafety Frameworks

Article 26.1 of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety left open the possibility for member countries to include in their biosafety regulatory processes the assessment of socio‐economic considerations. Countries may also decide to include such assessments as part of their national legislation or regulations for the approval and deliberate release into the environment of genetically engineered technologies. Countries are debating if and how to implement assessment of socio‐economic considerations. This paper contributes to the ongoing policy dialogue by discussing issues related to socio‐economic assessment including scope, timing, inclusion modalities, methods, decision‐making rules and standards, and the integration of socio‐economic assessments in biosafety and/or biotechnology approval processes. This paper also discusses the implications of such inclusion for technology flows and public and private sector R&D. If inclusion is not done properly, it may negatively impact technology flows especially from the public sector and render an unworkable biosafety system.     

浅析环境影响评价制度

环境保护必须谋求科学化、法制化的途径,而环境影响评价则是环境保护的重要手段和措施,建立科学的环境影响评价制度,是改善人类生存现状和获得良好环境质量的保障。目前,我国已颁布了完整的环境影响评价法,进一步完善了我国的环境影响评价制度。文章对我国的环境影响评价法进行了简要评析。     

农民工对新农村建设影响的实证研究

作为连接城乡的纽带,农民工群体在社会主义新农村建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。随着改革开放的深入,农民工的地位与作用越来越凸显。但从社会地位来看,农民工群体处于一种"底层精英"的尴尬境地。一方面,他们在城市社会中处于社会的底层;另一方面,在农村社会中,他们却属于精英群体。农民工对新农村建设包括新农村经济建设、新农村政治建设和新农村文化建设三个方面所产生的影响是显而易见的。