Improved Area of Origin Estimation for Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Using 3D Scanning

An important component of crime scene reconstruction is bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA). Where BPA concerns impact patterns, estimating the area of origin is critical information for scene reconstruction. Traditionally, this is achieved by measuring individual bloodstains and performing trigonometric calculations; however, 3D scanning has been proposed as a viable alternative for overcoming logistical and practical concerns with the manual method. Therefore, this project aimed to establish whether the FARO Focus 3D scanner and FARO Zone 3D software can improve the accuracy of area of origin estimates relative to the manual method. We created a series of eight bloodstain impact patterns and performed paired analysis using the two methods to estimate areas of origin for each pattern. Our data suggested that FARO-derived estimates were generally more accurate than using the manual method. FARO-estimated heights of origin areas were generally closer to the true distance. Both methods underestimated the distance from the wall for most patterns originating 150mm or greater from the wall, but overestimated distances for patterns originating closer to the wall. The degree to which distances were underestimated increased significantly the further the blood source was from the wall and was greater for FARO-derived estimates. The results of this research contribute to the validation of these instruments for operational implementation for BPA and should be considered alongside the practical benefits of 3D scanning relative to manual methods. Further, 3D scanning can provide reliable BPA reconstruction documentation for technical review and court presentation.     

Gender differences in perpetuating factors,experience and management of chronic insomnia

The higher prevalence of insomnia in women has been attributed to biological factors, which are less likely than cognitive and behavioural factors to play a role in perpetuating insomnia. Gender differences in perpetuating factors have not been extensively examined. This study compared men’s and women’s self-reports of factors that perpetuate insomnia; experience of symptoms, perceived severity and impact on daytime functioning; and use of strategies to manage insomnia. Data were collected at baseline, using reliable and valid measures, in a project that evaluated behavioural therapies for insomnia. The sample (N = 739) consisted of women (62.4%) and men (37.6%). Gender differences were found in: (1) perpetuating factors: men took more naps and held more unhelpful beliefs about insomnia, whereas women experienced higher pre-sleep arousal; (2) perception of insomnia severity: higher among women; (3) perceived impact of insomnia: higher fatigue among women; and (4) use of strategies (higher in women) to manage insomnia. Gender differences were of a small size but could be associated with women’s stress, expression of somatic symptoms, and interest in maintaining their own health to meet multiple role demands.     

法益的体系性位置与功能

法益的体系性位置可以从法益与实定法的关系、讨论法益问题的领域两个角度来分析。在不同领域内讨论的法益,有不同的概念选择,发挥不同的功能。犯罪立法概念中的法益只能是宪法性法益,其功能在于为刑事立法者提供适当的刑事政策标准。犯罪司法概念中的法益,在入罪判断时只能是后刑法法益,可以指导解释刑法规定的行为构成;在出罪判断时只能是宪法性法益,通过法益价值的衡量,对符合行为构成的行为进行正当化处理。     

新冠肺炎疫情对宏观经济的影响分析及政策建议

该文通过对比分析发现,由于疫情影响地域范围、停复工时间和经济结构等因素存在差异,新冠肺炎疫情对经济的短期影响会大于2003年非典疫情;而且,由于部分民企和居民等微观主体的抗风险能力更弱,存在传导形成次生风险的可能。因此,必须坚持疫情防控和经济托底相结合,发挥逆周期政策作用,切实降低此次疫情的负面经济影响。     

积极心理学视角下的高职生心理健康初探

积极心理学致力于研究人们积极的情绪体验、个性特征等对心理健康的影响,挖掘美德和能量。积极心理学弥补传统心理学的不足之处。文章在积极心理学视角下挖掘高职生自身的积极力量,分析了教师、校园活动、心理辅导等对高职生心理的影响,为学生心理健康工作提供参考范本。     

玻璃破碎的物证分析研究

玻璃碎片及形态是案发现场常见的物证形式,开展对玻璃的物证分析研究,能够确定玻璃的来源与种类,推断玻璃破碎原因等,为案件的取证、重建和侦破提供线索和证据。简要介绍了常见玻璃的种类,分析了玻璃破碎的根本原因,总结了低速冲击和高速冲击下玻璃破碎的形态特征,还从玻璃碎片收集和检验两个方面探讨了玻璃实体物证的分析。     

论天津滨海新区发展对北京的影响及北京的应对之策

自成立以来,天津滨海新区迅速崛起,势必会对邻近的首都北京产生重大影响。该文在分析滨海新区发展对北京各个层面影响的基础上,提出北京面对滨海新区发展所应采取的对策。     

澜沧江-湄公河次区域合作的国际法问题

澜沧江—湄公河流域是东南亚的一个次区域,连接6个国家。在东盟推进合作的行动中,该区域成为了重要的目标和对象。有关该区域水资源的共享、开发、利用和保护等规则须依托国际法的基本原则和规则而形成。本文从国际法角度分析了国际水道共享中的有关问题,明确了澜沧江—湄公河次区域合作中的基本法律规则和原则。     

世界银行的环境保护政策及其对我国的启示

世界银行的环境保护政策包括五个方面,即:环境评价、大坝安全、林业、自然栖息地和病虫害管理。世界银行的环境保护政策对我国的启示如下:一是树立新的发展理念;二是做好国际融资项目的环境影响评价工作;三是完善《环境影响评价法》,增强环境影响评价的独立性和权威性。     

犯罪心理学研究中运用量化方法引起的理论思考

量化与统计分析是一项重要的研究方法,在犯罪心理学研究中得到了广泛运用,同时也存在着使用的局限性。犯罪人有很强的心理掩饰性,对包括犯罪人在内的人的心理的测量实际上是一种间接测量,测得的数据是心理学家标定的数据,兼有客观性与主观性。量化研究如果不与科学思维相结合,有可能得出浅薄平庸甚至错误的结论。心理学研究应当以“人性”为基点,多种方法综合运用,实现量化方法与非量化方法的有机结合。