Low-Hanging Fruit: Leadership,Perceived Prosocial Impact,and Employee Motivation

Transformational leadership affects public service motivation, but little is known about the context dependency of this association. If citizen contact and, therefore, relative perceived impacts on others and society differ, the association between transformational leadership and motivation is also expected to differ. Analyzing public employees and their leaders from four organizational contexts, we find that employees have relatively higher perceived impact on others and are more user-oriented in contexts with high citizen contact. The association between transformational leadership and employee motivation also depends on employees’ perceived impact, implying that some fruit hangs lower than other when leaders try to increase employee motivation.     

Regulating Assisted Reproduction in Canada,Switzerland, and the USA: Comparing the Judicialization of Policy-Making

This article analyses the extent to which courts shape policies for assisted reproduction. While the USA is considered to be the most litigious country, Canada has observed a growing involvement of the courts from the 1980s onward, and Switzerland is characterized by a modest degree of judicialization. Based on national patterns, we would expect litigation and court impact to vary across these three countries. As the empirical analysis reveals, policy-process-specific variables such as the novelty of regulation, self-regulation by key stakeholders, and the policies in place better explain the variation in the judicialization of policy-making.     

职业生涯中断对女性雇员的影响——一个文献的综述

职业生涯中断对女性雇员的影响主要表现在中断后女性雇员较低的工资水平,较少的劳动力供给和较少的晋升机会,而对她们的工作满意度几乎没有影响.相关文献主要从人力资本理论、歧视理论和信号理论三个方面解释职业生涯中断对女性雇员产生影响的原因:一方面由于中断期间女性雇员已有人力资本贬值,并错过了中断期间对人力资本进行再投资的机会,使实际的工作能力下降;另一方面由于组织文化中推崇男性价值观,即认为男性特质代表高效的工作能力,而女性特质的则是低效低能低投入的信号,这种信号一旦被识别,不管实际工作绩效如何,雇员都得到较低的评价.     

滇西北香格里拉生态旅游开发与藏族社区文化调查研究

生态旅游积极寻求与自然环境、社会文化的协调发展。它是在全球倡导可持续发展的时代呼唤下应运而生的新兴旅游模式。对迪庆藏族自治州生态旅游开发的实例进行分析和研究 ,可以初步揭示生态旅游与民族文化之间的良性互动关系。生态旅游对于文化的自觉保护开发 ,是民族文化在旅游业中保持独特风格的希望所在     

论中国传统伦理在构建和谐社会中的作用

中国传统文化是以儒学为中心,以"求善"、"践仁"为目标的"伦理型"文化.其中,人本主义的伦理观奠定了和谐社会的观念基础,贵和尚中的伦理观是构建和谐人际关系的道德保障,贵义贱利的伦理观是处理人与社会关系的精神支撑,天人合一的伦理观是形成人与自然关系的价值标准.因此,我们必须坚持历史唯物主义的观点,以求真务实的态度,对传统的伦理文化进行科学地分析,批判地继承,去其糟粕,取其精华,在构建和谐社会的进程中发挥其积极作用.     

谈凯恩斯与凯恩斯主义

约翰.梅纳德.凯恩斯是西方近代宏观经济学的开创者,是公认的20世纪最具创造性和最有影响力的著名经济学家、在经济学领域引发革命的学术泰斗、凯恩斯主义的创始人。凯恩斯经济理论的基础是有效需求理论,国家干预理论是其经济理论最核心的内容。凯恩斯以其天才的智慧提出的经济理论和政策主张,无论是对当代世界资本主义国家还是对我国都产生了重大的影响。     

外资银行进入对我国银行业影响的实证研究

本文通过选取1989-2005年的相关数据,运用计量经济学方法实证研究了外资银行进入对我国银行业产业绩效的影响.结果发现,外资银行进入与国内银行的税前利润和管理费用负相关,而与净利息收益和非贷款收益却正相关,且外资银行进入对股份制商业银行的冲击更大.由此我们应该在大力吸引外资银行进入的同时,注重配套改革特别是推进利率的市场化改革,大力鼓励股份制商业银行拓展业务范围,加快国有商业银行市场化改革和股份制改革进程.     

“廉能量”的内涵、外延和作用

"正能量"的提出不仅可以整饬社会风气,而且可以通过批判现存的失范现象重塑道德规范,促使人们的行为符合必要的社会规范,因而为群众自觉接受、广泛认同并大力提倡。"正能量"的内核就是"廉"及由其生发的"廉能量"。"廉能量"是指党员干部坚定理想信念、坚守清正廉洁、坚持率先垂范而释放出的强大清廉能量,能够引领、带动民风和社会风气聚合、裂变出更大的社会正能量。"廉能量"的聚合、释放、传递,对净化心灵、端正行为、提振精神,实现党风与社会风气的良性互动提供支撑点和动力源。     

Animal ethics and the political

Some of the most important contributions to animal ethics over the past decade or so have come from political, as opposed to moral, philosophers. As such, some have argued that there been a ‘political turn’ in the field. If there has been such a turn, it needs to be shown that there is something which unites these contributions, and which sets them apart from previous work. We find that some of the features which have been claimed to be shared commitments of the turn are contested by key theorists working in the field. We also find that the originality of the turn can be exaggerated, with many of their ideas found in more traditional animal ethics. Nonetheless, we identify one unifying and distinctive feature of these contributions: the focus on justice; and specifically, the exploration of how political institutions, structures and processes might be transformed so as to secure justice for both human and nonhuman animals.     

Student Protest and the Nueva Mayoría Reforms in Chile

Chile's Nueva Mayoría government (2014–2018) responded more forcefully to student demands for a more assertive public role in education than any of its post‐authoritarian predecessors. Existing scholarship suggests that this change reflected the success of the 2011 student protests in tapping into latent public discontent with neoliberalism and the politics of consensus. This article argues that it is also crucial to understand how the wave of protest interacted with the dynamics of party politics at the elite level. Public support translated into substantive policy and institutional changes because it contributed to a coalition and platform shift that favoured more extensive reform.