刑法中的"犯罪分子"应该修改

"犯罪分子"这一用语在97刑法条文中使用共计达51处,并且大致是在三种不同意义上使用;这一用语存在与我国刑事诉讼法所贯彻的无罪推定理念相冲突,与犯罪人是人的这一现代刑罚观念不和谐,与刑法内部的相关规定不协调等方面的缺陷;根据其使用不同情况,可分别修改为"行为人"、"人"、"罪犯"和"犯罪的人".     

关于86名顽危犯个性心理的调查报告

了解顽危犯群体个性心理特征状况,针对性开展顽危犯思想转化和心理矫治,提高改造质量。采用《中国罪犯心理测试个性分测试(COPA-PI)》的方法,对86名顽危犯进行隐蔽性的心理测试,测试结果与全国男性罪犯常模比较,顽危犯与普通罪犯相比,有其独特的个性心理特征,在改造过程中,应做针对性的教育转化和心理矫治工作。     

Depth-interviewing Finnish professional criminals

This article shows how easy and valuable is to interview offenders, when the information of crime or criminals life is needed. There is no need to use just authorities information that is often very one sided and focused on solving single crime or personality behind the committed crime. During this study I interviewed 15 persons and one group of 6 persons. The 21 interviewees represented 14 different groups active in the 1990s in Finland and cross-border criminality. The interviewed persons were selected for equal representation of four different criminal backgrounds. The types of crimes that Finns typically commit across borders (from abroad to Finland) include: (1) different kinds of smuggling (spirits, tobacco and drugs), (2) trafficking in prostitutes and organising their work (procuring) in the country. From Finland to foreign countries, Finnish criminals primarily, (3) handle stolen goods (fencing), (4) money laundering. The persons selected to be interviewed were still committing or had recently committed these types of crimes. There are only a few empirical studies made on professional criminals. It is amazing how similar the findings of these are, even though the three studies—British, American and the present—reflect different social conditions and different decades. On occasion it feels that the place and time of study are irrelevant, as if you are reading and analysing just one study. From the research point of view it is interesting how such similar findings are possible. None of the 14 groups that I studied were able to fulfil the 14 variables of organised crime, that I required for a group to be classified as an organised crime group.

创新罪犯教育改造工作——以重新社会化为切入点

随着监狱工作的发展和“首要标准”的贯彻实施,如何提高罪犯教育改造质量成为监狱工作的重要课题。教育改造是监狱的核心任务,把罪犯改造成为合格的守法公民,是监狱工作的最终目标。从社会学的角度看,教育改造罪犯的过程,实质上也是罪犯重新社会化的过程。以罪犯重新社会化为切入点．调整充实现行的教育改造内容、强化罪犯人格教育、创新教育改造工作方法与评价办法,将有助于破解监狱在提升教育改造罪犯质量方面创新的难题。     

浅议公民个人悬赏缉凶

在我国 ,由公安机关发布悬赏通告已有法可依 ,并且已为社会公众所广泛接受 ,但对于公民个人悬赏缉凶 ,却没有明确的法律规定。结合刑事悬赏制度的历史与现状对此进行探讨 ,有利于完善我国的刑事悬赏制度 ,进而有利于严厉打击严重刑事犯罪分子。     

未成年人犯罪非监禁化理念与实现

监禁处遇对于未成年犯罪人而言更意味着消极性,而不是积极性。对于未成年犯罪人尽量避免监禁,已经成为各国少年司法制度共同的理念。非监禁化应当包括三个紧密联系的环节:市前的非监禁化、刑罚选择(量刑)的非监禁化(包括监禁刑的避免适用和虚置)、刑罚执行的非监禁化(行刑社会化)。实现未成年犯罪人非监禁化理念应当推行转处制度;建立健全少年保释制度,提高未成年人取保候审率;尽量适用非刑罚处理方法和非监禁刑,提高缓刑适用率;行刑社会化,开展社区矫正。在推行未成年犯罪人非监禁化理念改革中,应当完善风险评估与责任制度,完善非监禁化的社会支持系统。     

罪犯教育改造现状认知实证研究

某省监狱683名罪犯对目前教育改造现状认知持较为肯定态度,特别是"三课教育"、文明管理与心理矫治,70%以上的罪犯认同或认为有帮助。罪犯在个别教育认知上出现分化,16.3%的罪犯认为开展得好,13.8%的罪犯认为没开展。近半数罪犯认为监狱人文精神一般。罪犯服刑时间与其教育改造现状认知显著相关,表现为随服刑时间推移对教育改造工作认知评价趋向负面。服刑一年以上与一年以下罪犯在教育改造认知评价上存在显著差异,表现为前者负性认知显著地多于后者。     

Constructing Victims and Villains: Unintended Outcomes of Contact Prohibition Orders

Contact prohibition orders (besöksförbud) are by now an institutionalized form of preventing violence and protecting the integrity of individuals from non‐strangers' intrusion in their lives. On the basis of an analysis of, primarily, in‐depth interviews with people intended to be protected by such orders, it is argued that this legal practice has unintended consequences for the parties' interaction and relationship. In order to obtain and maintain CPOs, the individuals have to regard and present the other party's acts as criminal cases and watch their own behaviour to preclude accusations of having provoked violations. They are also expected to evidence the other's crimes. In court they have to present themselves as credible witnesses and at the same time as suffering victims in order to retain the victim role. To make sense of the new situation, they tended to re‐construct the other party as inherently criminal, and they accounted for their common past as based upon the other's deception. Hence, it is claimed that the encounters with the criminal justice system have a decisive impact on the individuals' understanding of themselves, the other party, their relations and interaction.     

非人格化与罪犯改造

非人格化是罪犯对被害人人格的贬低,甚至彻底抹杀的过程。可分为在犯罪实施前对被害人的非人格化,在犯罪实施进行中对被害人的非人格化和在犯罪实施完毕后对被害人的非人格化三个阶段。从犯罪控制角度而言,国家与社会对罪犯也有一个非人格化过程。阻却国家和社会公众对罪犯的非人格化,对于彻底矫治罪犯具有重要意义。     

公司资本犯罪的控制系统

公司资本犯罪是在其潜在犯罪人系统与罪前情景系统的成功互动下产生的,因此,控制犯罪的着眼点也就在于阻断两者的成功作用。由此,本文设计了其犯罪控制的最优系统,即罪前情景控制系统,包括刑事对策系统和非刑事对策系统两方面。