Size Matters: Toward a Contingency Theory of Diversity Effects on Performance

Abstract

This study examines the diversity-performance link by focusing on two types of diversity—gender and functional—in the context of governing boards of 24 quasi-government agencies in Korea over 16?years (2000–2015). Although public management scholarship contains evidence regarding the importance of diversity in public organizations, there is little consensus on what constitutes diversity and how it affects public sector performance. This study expands the scope of dialogues by highlighting multidimensional characteristics of diversity and the contingent nature of diversity effects. Multiplicative interaction models confirm that there are distinctive effects of different types of diversity on performance, and the relationship is moderated by the size of the group to which minorities belong. While the effect of board gender diversity is limited in our data, the effect of having a female chief executive is positively significant with decreasing marginal effect as the number of board members increases. On the other hand, the relationship of functional diversity in the boardroom to agency performance is negative, while the negative marginal effect decreases and becomes positive when board size rises above a critical number.     

话语群视阈下的民族自治地方森林保护立法——以广西金秀瑶族自治县为例

话语群理论为学术研究提供了一条全新路径.文章利用话语群理论,通过对广西金秀瑶族自治县利用立法自治权制定系列森林保护法规后的话语群反应和各个话语单位间的互动效应的考察与分析,全面解读民族自治地方的森林保护立法的社会各层反应.     

群体性事件与领导干部应对能力建设论析

有效因应群体性事件,维护社会和谐稳定,是各级领导干部尤其是处于一线的领导干部亟待破解的现实难题。本文对现阶段我国群体性事件的基本态势及特点进行概括性解析,重新审视了领导干部的应对能力现状,并着重提出了新时期领导干部应对群体性事件所应具备的基本能力及其建设的着力点。     

The Banking Crisis: Grid,Group and the State of the Debate

The banking crisis and the recession it induced provide a salient backdrop to domestic and international politics. ² The International Monetary Fund (IMF 2010) estimates that total banking losses between 2008 and 2010 exceeded US$2.3 trillion. This article uses grid‐group theory to review the existing literature on the causes of the banking crisis and, in doing so, distinguishes between hierarchical, individualist, egalitarian and fatalist accounts of what went wrong and of what needs to be done to prevent another crisis from occurring. It is argued that the existing reform agenda is underpinned by a hierarchical analysis of the causes of the crisis and that this risks narrowing the support base for the reform process.     

The Albanian approach to municipal borrowing: From centralized control to market discipline

Local governments (LGs) in transitional countries face pressing infrastructure needs, which, given the severe shortcomings of traditional funding, make a strong case for debt financing. This article explores the case study of Albania, using document analysis and interviews with mayors, civil servants, citizens and investors. We go beyond an analysis of technical aspects (macroeconomic conditions and legal constraints on borrowing) to include ‘soft’ elements (political and managerial issues, attitudes of key actors), with the aim of highlighting the approach adopted under current policies and the approach that should be adopted. Favorable macroeconomic conditions and the completeness of the legal framework have motivated policy‐makers to choose the market model. Their aim is to develop the financial market rapidly; however, the development of sound management systems at the local level is largely ignored. We argue that the role of managerial capacities, public accountability and professional mechanisms is not adequately taken into account. Future policies need to make the best use of some early experiences of public participation and build upon the extensive training in accounting and auditing issues provided to local civil servants in order to exploit other models of municipal borrowing control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海开展"学分银行"教学改革工作的启示

因应社会经济发展对教育创新的需要,提高职业教育的辐射能力和服务能力成为一项重要课题。上海市将高等职业教育的改革、“学分银行”的构建作为推进学习型城市建设、完善终身教育体系的重要载体,并采用集团化办学方式创新职业教育发展模式。上海市关于“学分银行”教学改革的构想和实践对于北京市成人高等职业教育改革的理论研究和试点工作具有很强的借鉴价值。     

农民环境权益的法律保障

环境权是公民的合法权益之一,是公民得以生存和发展的前提和基础.每个人都应当享有环境权益上的公平与公正.目前,作为环境弱势群体的农民的环境权却没有得到有效的保障,影响了农民的生存和基本素质的提高,不利于农村社会经济秩序的稳定和全社会的环境保护.文章着重从确立环境权,调整国家公共政策,完善环保机构,建立权利补偿机制与环境公益诉讼制度,保障农民环境参与权等方面提出了加强农民环境权益保护的法律建议.     

中国新生代群体内潜在冲突的现状与对策探讨——以“80后”农民工和“80后”大学生为例

作为中国新生代群体的主体,“80后”农民工和“80后”大学生已步入历史舞台。客观地讲,由于先天教育不平等造成的差距进一步引起后天职业地位竞争的不平等,二者在获得较好职业地位的能力上是存在一定差距的。但对于权利意识和平等观念日益提高和增强的新生代农民工群体而言,他们显然不能接受这一现实。对新生代群体的形成、追求及其在未来的社会发展中可能面临的群体间的矛盾进行分析,可进一步探求有效解决这一潜在矛盾与冲突的对策和机制。     

提高领导干部应对群体性事件的能力

我国正处在社会转型期,各类群体性事件呈现出高发、频发的态势。在应对群体性事件的过程中,要求各级领导干部注重养成提高风险预警的能力、做好群众工作的能力、现场处置的能力、舆论引导的能力、一善后处置的能力及开拓创新的能力。     

对我国实行公安文职雇员制度的研究和探讨

公安文职雇员制度,应该依据公安机关的工作特点、岗位性质和工作内容,将执法类岗位和非执法类岗位进行职系区分。在非执法类岗位实行“社会化选人、契约化用人”,建立“人员能进能出,职务能上能下,待遇能高能低”的专业化、职业化公安文职雇员队伍,原在非执法类岗位上的警察则转岗到执法类岗位,进而形成现有警察与文职雇员等非警察人员的身份区分,建立一种全新、灵活的用人机制,从而将警力开发的基点放在降低警务成本,增加执法效益,不断探索科学、合理、规范的警力配置上,最终建立起与现代警务制度相匹配的公安人力资源管理制度。