当代西方人权批判理论述评

虽然人权是当今世界一个非常强势的政治和伦理话语,但它一直面临着来自各方面的质疑。从19世纪的社会主义、自由主义、保守主义的批评到当今社群主义和后现代主义的诘难,西方社会对人权的批判一直没有停止过。当代西方人权批判从如下四个相互关联的视角展开:一是道德批判;二是法律批判;三是政治批判;四是社会批判。鉴于存在上述批判,需要认真对待谁之人权、何种人权以及人权的道德局限问题,人权的理论与实践仍然是一个开放的命题。     

Reviews

Sterile art Berthold Hinz, Art in the Third Reich. Translated by Robert and Rita Kimber. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980. 268pp. £15.00, £5.50.

Reinhard Müller‐Mehlis, Die Kunst im Dritten Reich. 2nd ed.; Munich: Wilhelm Heyne, 1976. 230pp. DM8.80.

Otto Thomae, Die Propaganda‐Maschinerie. Bildende Kunst und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit im Dritten Reich. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1978. 579pp. Bibl. Ind.

The Jew in the Arab world Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Philadelphia: the Jewish Publication Society of America, 1979. xxx+474 pp. Illus. Bibl. Ind. $14.95     

中国当代文学中的后现代主义写作原则

中国当代文学创作在坚持现实主义主流话语的前提下,进入20世纪80年代后也呈现出后现代主义的特征,表现出不确定性、消解中心、消解宏大叙事、玩弄文字技巧等后现代主义写作原则。     

消解历史的秩序：20世纪末台湾文学中的后现代历史叙事研究

台湾在1987年“解严”前后进入了一个文化转型期,彼时威权时代的意识形态统一体已然松动,新的本土主义论述正在集结但尚未占据主导地位。本文以这个时期的台湾后现代思潮及文学创作为研究对象,尤为关注那些以历史书写为主题的小说文本,这些文本以语言反省与形式解构为起点,反叛写实主义的美学观,质疑本质主义的历史真实观,不仅挑战前行代的美学主张,也解构逐渐凝聚为新威权话语的本土论述。通过对文本的审美形态及其意识形态表征的分析,本文试图指出,出现于上世纪八九十年代之交的台湾后现代历史叙事文本是一种对意识形态统一体的松动非常敏感且及时作出反应的话语,是意识形态统一体松动后文化危机和思想危机的表征,这些文本以瓦解历史的方式传达出特定的历史意识。     

Feminism, Aestheticism and the Limits of Law

This article seeks to identify and address the normative void that resides at the heart of postmodernist-feminist theory, and to propose a philosophical framework – beyond postmodernism, but incorporating its central insights – for thinking through the normative questions with which feminists are inevitably confronted in their engagements with positive law. Two varieties of postmodernist-feminism are identified and critically analysed: the ‘corporeal feminism’ of Elizabeth Grosz and Judith Butler, which seeks to ground feminist critical practice in the irruptive capacities of the material body considered as an arte fact of social construction; and the deconstructionist feminism of Drucilla Cornell, for whom ‘the feminine’ is an indeterminate but disruptive force beyond its construction in law and in other social sites. The first component of the argument elaborated here is that each of these approaches ultimately reduces to a form of aestheticism which is incapable of generating a worthwhile and workable feminist approach to the restructuring of politics and law. The second component of the argument involves a return to aesthetics, in particular to the philosophical aesthetics of Kant’s Critique of Judgement. Kant’s aesthetic philosophy, it will be suggested, yields a framework of concepts which, duly re-manipulated, could speak to the very concerns that have inspired postmodernist-feminism: how to attend to (bodily) particularity while avoiding the dangers associated with ‘essentialism’; and how to theorise the propensity of the unrepresentable power of the feminine to exceed both embodied human capacities and the confining rein of socially privileged rationalities. Crucially, however it also responds to a set of preoccupations – those of the feminist lawyer – that cannot be accommodated by postmodernism: how to translate embodied experience into (legal) norms; generalise from the particular; seek consensus; and codify an endless potentiality in the form of law. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

后现代主义视野中的语文课程

后现代主义是一种新的思维方式和新的视角。多尔的后现代课程观是从后现代主义角度建立起来的全新的课程理论。用后现代主义及其课程观审视我国语文课程,可以发现语文课程有许多人们从未注意和重视的魅力。人文性、活动性、生活性、模糊性、非线性等都成为语文课程的亮点。对这些亮点的展示和张扬或许正是语文课程的本质所在。     

Rabindranath Tagore and the Aesthetics of Postmodernism

Skeptical postmodern claims about the viability of authorship and meaning in literature are contrasted in historical persepective with Rabindranath Tagore's views on the power of literary art to illuminate reality and enrich feeling. Consequences of postmodern methods and theories are explored with reference to his defense of art and life as a unity that entails unique knowledge and insight. Although influenced by Western culture, he distrusted theory applied to art. For him, durable meanings are an imperative of life for which literature is a vehicle. A post-Nobel Prize attempt to promote Eastern wisdom as a corrective to Western rationalism and materialism did not succeed.     

论后现代主义文化视野下的和谐社会建设

后现代主义是20世纪60年代西方社会兴起的一种文化思潮。中国的后现代化进程具有明显的后现代性特征。我国关于构建以人为本的社会主义和谐社会的重要目标也是在这个背景下提出来的。后现代主义思想家没有对和谐社会理论进行专门论述，但是从其对资本主义现代性的批判和对未来社会构建的有关论述中，可以发现其对和谐社会基本理论的明确阐述。分析与研究后现代主义有助于推动我国的社会主义和谐社会建设。     

知识产权公众阵营之后现代主义倾向

过去数十年间，“公众阵营”与“私权阵营”的对峙是全球知识产权争议的群体性特征。在发达国家，公众阵营挑战私权阵营的策略是解构后者的权力话语嬗变过程。他们认为，自从17世纪以来，欧美的知识产权制度就是由商业权力支配着左右的。虽然后现代主义在诠释全球知识产权困境方面颇有裨益，但如若引入被西方权力话语排除的中国历史文化经验，则后现代主义的思路的视角恐怕就需要调整了。中国的历史经验表明，知识产权的产生不必然是权力话语的结果。因此，批判地对待知识产权的全球不合理扩张，便应当和否定知识产权本身相区别。     

‘Killing Ourselves is Not Subversive’: Riot Grrrl from Zine to Screen and the Commodification of Female Transgression

This article draws on material from the Riot Grrrl Collection at New York University's Fayles Library to examine the culture of ‘zine’ production in riot grrrl communities in the United States during the 1990s. After investigating the relationship between the political issues and aesthetic strategies explored by riot grrrl literary producers, the author analyses the points of tension arising within the movement, which become illuminated by zines’ revelatory confessional modes, or what Mimi Thi Nguyen has called riot grrrl's ‘aesthetics of access’. The author subsequently enquires after the implications for riot grrrl politics of understanding experiences of oppression and transgressive behaviour as cultural commodities. Finally, the author goes on to trace the commodification of the transgressive feminist gesture in mainstream popular culture and contemporary online feminist activism in the United States.