协同消毒在饮用水消毒中的应用

分析已有单一消毒方法的不足 ,介绍协同消毒的概念及方法     

委托—代理与农村供水系统制度创新——以山东省临朐县农村供水协会为例

我国偏远山区的农村供水只能作为一种公共产品由政府来提供.本文以委托-代理理论为工具,结合实例,分析了农村水利工程经营权的代理人的选择问题.本文的结论是由于能够明晰产权、弱化信息不对称问题、减少委托-代理层次,选择县农村供水协会作为集体产权的最终代理人是有效率的产权安排形式.本文的结论可以推广到涉及公共品的其他领域.     

Contract farming and the reorganisation of agricultural production within the Chókwè Irrigation System,Mozambique

This paper contributes to the discussion about ‘inclusive business models’ as alternatives to large-scale land acquisitions by analysing a case in which a foreign agribusiness investor, within an impact investment paradigm, acquired and rehabilitated a rice processing plant in Chókwè, Mozambique. A contract farming programme drawn up to source raw produce for the factory led to radical shifts in control over land and water resources. The case is set against the background of a large-scale irrigation system that has played an important role in national agricultural policies since colonial times. The private sector-led development approach is strongly supported by the state which portrays it as an opportunity to reduce its dependency on rice imports. The investor redirected the benefits of land and water use through taking a role of coordination and control within the irrigated production system.

The ensuing rural transformation reminds one of earlier periods in the development of the irrigation system: the central control over production, and the very high level of agricultural inputs and mechanisation, remind one of the state socialist period, while the removal of smallholders from their land and its concentration in the hands of a few bears a strong resemblance to the scheme's establishment under colonial rule.     

Financial and Political Factors Motivating the Privatisation of Municipal Water Services

Financial and political factors are widely considered to be an explanatory factor of the privatisation of public services. However, the empirical evidence in this respect is not convincing. This paper considers elements of long-term financial condition and ideological and political strength, together with other socio-economic factors and the effects of the current global financial crisis, to address the financial stress–privatisation relationship, with respect to urban water services, observed during the period 2002–2012 in Spanish municipalities. A discrete time survival model is applied, and the results obtained show that certain elements of financial condition, together with political and ideological factors, are decisive influences in decisions to privatise urban water services. We also highlight the major impact of the Great Recession and its effect on the financial stress–privatisation relationship.     

Implementing the human right to water and sanitation: a study of global and local discourses

This article explores global and local discourses on how to implement the newly recognised human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS). We analyse the potential limitations of the human rights frame in the context of critiques that human rights are a liberal, Western discourse that does not reflect the lived experiences of non-Western countries. Through two case studies we find that there are two discourses emerging on how to implement the HRtWS. At the global level, as seen in the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the HRtWS, we find a hegemonic discourse that is state-centric and market-friendly. In Bolivia, a country currently implementing a human rights-based approach to water services, we find a counter-hegemonic discourse on implementation. We argue that the hegemonic discourse is incomplete and does not fully address barriers to fulfilment of the right, such as state corruption and the needs of peri-urban residents.     

天津市滨海新区海水淡化产业发展前景浅析

随着天津市滨海新区纳人国家发展战略,滨海新区将迎来快速发展的新阶段,对水资源的需求也将继续增大。该文指出,天津市是中国水资源重度缺乏地区,大力发展海水淡化产业,不仅可有效地缓解滨海新区淡水资源的不足,还可以按照发展循环经济的要求拓展海水淡化利用产业链,形成新的经济增长点。但同时滨海新区大规模发展海水淡化利用产业仍面临若干限制条件,海水淡化所带来的一系列问题亦不容忽视。     

CHINA’S WATER PROBLEMS

This article looks at the problems facing China in regard of its water supply and usage. It considers China's available water resources and their uses, the growing water pollution, and the water management system adopted by China to secure the country's future. This includes small and large-scale projects, dams, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project/South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWDP/SNWTP) or <italic>Nanshuibeidiao</italic>, and the Sponge Cities Initiative. It also looks at some of the policy issues and relevant legislative frameworks developed to respond to the problem. This article argues that despite the measures taken by the Chinese government, water remains an area of concern for China.     

固相吸附-GC／MS法检验鱼塘水中农药氰戊菊酯

目的建立鱼类中毒案件鱼塘水中微量农药的分析方法。方法取一定量的吸附剂GDX-403,加入到取出的一定量的鱼塘水中,经振荡吸附,分离出GDX-403,取有机溶剂解析、浓缩,进行GC／MS检验。结果回收率达90％,相对偏差59／5,1000mL水中农药氰戊菊酯检测限浓度在0．2ppb左右。结论该方法操作简便,准确、灵敏度高、可靠性好,可以进行实战推广。     

上海地区水域中硅藻的基本分布调查

在法医检案中,水中尸体的检验是工作中的难点。硅藻检验作为水中尸体检验的必须手段,因其操作简便,被广泛应用。通过实际案例,对上海地区水样中硅藻的分类、分布进行了疏理。以期为上海地区溺水死亡案件落水地点判断提供参考。     

我国中水回用的立法现状及思考

我国虽早就开始推广中水回用,但是各地中水回用的普及和推广效果却一直不佳。究其原因,中水回用法律制度未能起到很好地引导和保障作用是重要原因。我国在上世纪90年代就开始了中水回用的立法工作,但是,中水回用法律制度中还存在着不少问题。要想普及和推广中水回用,就必须要建立和完善中水回用法律制度,只有在法律的引导和保障之下,中水回用才能真正健康发展。