我国贫困人口医疗救助:制度的模式选择和对策的内在逻辑

与我国经济社会发展所取得的成就相比,贫困人口医疗救助问题日益突出。因此,对贫困人口医疗救助制度应选择何种模式,在实施医疗救助时应具备什么样的客观条件,政府应该承担怎样的责任并蕴含怎样的内在价值等一系列问题的探讨和研究就构成了贫困人口医疗救助对策的内在逻辑。     

融资扶贫方式整合分析——兼论云南融资扶贫的现实选择

从融资方式多元化角度来看 ,融资扶贫的根本出路 ,在于融资制度整合。只有对扶贫筹集和使用制度进行整合 ,才能为扶贫提供可持续的资金支持 ,进而真正提高资金的使用效率     

Resident-Owned,Informal Mobile Home Communities in Rural California: The Case of Rancho Don Antonio,Coachella Valley

California's farmworkers are among the lowest-paid wage earners in the state. They often live in crowded or substandard housing. The Polanco Bill—state legislation enacted in the early 1990s—aimed to increase the supply of housing for farmworkers by encouraging the development of employee housing on land zoned for agriculture. This article discusses the implementation and effects of the Polanco Bill in the agricultural area of the eastern Coachella Valley. It finds, somewhat unexpectedly, that groups of farmworkers, often family members, have used the bill to collaborate and develop small, resident-owned, informal mobile home communities, called polancos, and focuses on one such case. Although the article's key contribution is to identify the informal approach and its key attributes, it also discusses whether a new housing model based on the collectively owned polancos is possible.     

西部民族贫困地区反贫困路径选择辨析——基于空间贫困理论视角

西部民族贫困地区面临的反贫困问题是一个复杂的系统工程,它涉及到政治、经济、民族、宗教、历史、文化等方方面面。基于空间贫困理论视角,探讨西部民族贫困地区反贫困进程中各种反贫困路径选择所存在的问题,并借鉴国内外一些成功经验提出初步建议,以期能为西部民族贫困地区的反贫困路径选择提供一种符合实际的参考。     

科技扶贫开发的激励政策构建

激励政策是推进科技扶贫开发的有效保障。目前,我国科技扶贫开发的激励政策还较为缺乏,很大程度上影响了科技扶贫开发的推进,准确分析、科学设置、建立健全科技扶贫开发激励政策,显得尤为重要。     

Child Poverty and Social Mobility: Taking the Measure of the Coalition's ‘New Approach’

Reviewing two of the latest reports by social mobility tsar, Alan Milburn and ‘social justice’ champion, Iain Duncan Smith, the article examines the politics and policy of the Coalition's fairness strategy and the jostling for position that is going on behind the scenes. Whilst continuing to pay lip service to the goal of ending child poverty, the government is seeking to redefine the problem, away from a narrow focus on relative low income. Beneath the rhetoric, the article highlights the close similarities between the ‘new’ and ‘old’ approaches, finding that the evidence behind the government's claims is unconvincing. Far from offering a ‘step‐change’ in provision, it concludes that in the new age of austerity the Coalition will struggle to make any positive progress on tackling poverty and improving the relative life chances of disadvantaged children.     

The impact of remittances and equivalence scales on poverty in Tajikistan

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of remittances from labour migrants on welfare, as well as the impact of the use of equivalence scales on poverty, in Tajikistan. The magnitude of remittances sent back is fairly well known from official statistics (e.g. the amount of remittances is regularly monitored by the balance of payment at the Central Bank). In 2009 a change in the flow of money from abroad occurred, and volumes dropped, but it was unknown to what extent; its impact on poverty is still officially unknown. This paper describes a project aimed at conducting a survey to investigate this impact. It would not be possible to do this kind of analysis with a traditional sample survey, since it would generate only a small selection of migrant households. Instead, the new Migration, Remittances and Poverty Survey was used, which was conducted by the Tajik State Statistical Office in August 2010 using an adaptive sampling design from a set of enumeration areas selected mainly from the 2009 Integrated Household Budget Survey (IHBS) and showing households with remittances. To evaluate the impact of equivalence scales on poverty measures, new scales have been estimated on the basis of consumption expenditure from the 2009 IHBS.     

滇桂黔石漠化片区扶贫开发路径探析——以百色石漠化综合治理和扶贫开发试验区为例

石漠化成为制约滇桂黔地区经济社会发展以及农民脱贫致富奔小康的瓶颈。我们可以推广石漠化综合治理和扶贫开发试验区的成功经验,改变传统的生产方式,加大农村产业结构调整,完善基础设施建设,加大资金扶持和投入力度,合理培训转移农村富余劳动力等综合措施,逐步实现石漠化片区的群众有稳定收入,生态不断得到保护,实现石漠化片区农村经济社会可持续发展的目标。     

西部贫困地区农村水利建设的现状与对策探讨——以广西为例

农村水利建设是西部贫困地区扶贫开发工作的重要内容。作为西部欠发达地区,广西农村水利事业在扶贫开发中取得了长足的发展,提供了可资借鉴的经验,但仍然面临着农村饮水不安全人口多、小型病险水库数量大、农业灌排设施老化失修、水环境持续恶化、水电资源无序开发等突出问题。在新一轮扶贫开发中．必须从更新观念、理顺体制、加大投入、强化队伍建设等方面予以加强。     

POVERTY,INFANT MORTALITY,AND HOMICIDE RATES IN CROSS-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: ASSESSMENTS OF CRITERION AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY*

This article assesses the extent to which the infant mortality rate might be treated as a “proxy” for poverty in research on cross-national variation in homicide rates. We have assembled a pooled, cross-sectional time-series data set for 16 advanced nations from the 1993–2000 period that includes standard measures of infant mortality and homicide and contains information on the following commonly used “income-based” poverty measures: a measure intended to reflect “absolute” deprivation and a measure intended to reflect “relative” deprivation. With these data, we assess the criterion validity of the infant mortality rate with reference to the two income-based poverty measures. Also, we estimate the effects of the various indicators of disadvantage on homicide rates in regression models, thereby assessing construct validity. The results reveal that the infant mortality rate is correlated more strongly with “relative poverty” than with “absolute poverty,” although much unexplained variance remains. In the regression models shown here, the measure of infant mortality and the relative poverty measure yield significant positive effects on homicide rates, whereas the absolute poverty measure does not exhibit any significant effects. The results of our analyses suggest that it would be premature to dismiss relative deprivation in cross-national research on homicide, and that disadvantage is conceptualized and measured best as a multidimensional construct.