论可持续脱贫

改革开放以来,中国的农村扶贫工作经历了体制改革推动扶贫、大规模扶贫开发、“八七”扶贫攻坚和新“农村扶贫开发纲要”实施等四个阶段,虽然扶贫工作取得巨大的成就,但是当前农村反贫困的任务仍然十分艰巨。面临的主要问题是扶贫效益递减、农村中贫困人口的收入差距拉大以及贫困人口脱贫后返贫。解决这些问题的关键在于实施“以人为本”的可持续脱贫战略。可持续脱贫战略具有综合性、长期性、动态性和整体性等基本特征。     

Overwhelmed and Immobilized: Raising the Consciousness of Privileged Young Adults about World Hunger and Poverty

In this study, I compared the shifts in worldview of affluent young adults participating in a course on social justice issues to a control group of similar young adults. In this course, participating students learned about the size, scope, causes, and impact of world hunger and global poverty. However, an analysis of pre- and postsurvey data revealed that the young adults participating in the social justice course experienced a decline over the course of the semester in their support for humanitarian aid in comparison to the control group. Interviews with these young adults, and analyses of their student work, revealed that the manner in which they learned about world hunger and poverty led them to become overwhelmed by the size and scope of these global problems and convinced of their intractability.     

Why International Organizations Should Bring Basic Needs Back in

An important milestone in the development debate is the recognition of poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon via the capabilities approach. However, a challenge remains in that many governments in less-developed countries continue to avoid prioritizing issues of absolute deprivation. This paper demonstrates how and why existing efforts to operationalize capabilities may distract policy makers from giving sufficient weight to issues of basic survival. We propose that international organizations can address this challenge through a method of triangulation: (1) identify how countries rank on universal goals of human development; (2) identify how countries rank on universal goals of basic needs provision; and (3) promote participatory poverty assessments. This approach ensures that absolute deprivation issues are addressed, and it establishes an acceptable (and necessary) balance between standardization and local complexity.     

女性高等教育社会支持机制的可持续性分析与模拟

非盈利组织在保障贫困女性接受高等教育的权利中,扮演提供社会支持的重要角色,但是如何保证这种支持机制的可持续性,已成为非盈利组织面临的共同问题.陕西省妇联"红凤工程"社会支持机制较好地解决了这一问题.它通过发挥慈善资源存量的诱出功能,以及回报社会机制的增权能力和驱动效应,获得了长远发展动力,为国内非盈利组织的项目运作提供了有益的借鉴.     

宁夏西海固地区反贫困战略研究

西海固地区是我国最贫困的地区之一。生态环境恶劣、人口增长快、人口素质低下、产业结构不合理以及城镇化水平低是造成西海固地区贫困的主要原因。     

宁夏中部干旱带的生态重建及启示

生态重建必然伴随着人的价值观念的转变，人对自身价值的认识水平决定了人对自然物价值的认识程度。只有自然资源的价值得到真正体现，环境问题才有可能得到根本解决。     

少数民族贫困地区脱贫致富的思考

进入新世纪,中国总体上达到小康水平,然而中西部的少数民族地区贫困问题还不同程度地存在着。脱贫致富需要面对"三个差距"和"四个压力",通过深化改革,解决思想观念落后、发展基础薄弱、人口素质偏低等问题,还需要从实际出发制定超常规的发展思路,夯实教育基础,创新机制,培育新的经济增长点。     

The Penalisation of Poverty and the rise of Neo-Liberalism

This article explicates and extends the analyses put forth by the author in his book, Prisons of Poverty, which argues that the generalised increase of carceral populations in advanced societies is due to the growing use of the penal system as an instrument for managing social insecurity and containing the social disorders created at the bottom of the class structure by neo-liberal policies of economic deregulation and social-welfare retrenchment. It retraces the steps whereby this neo-liberal penality was elaborated in the United States and then diffused throughout the world, but contends that European countries are not blindly following the American road to mass imprisonment: Europe's path to the penal state entails the conjoint intensification of both social and penal treatments of poverty and the activation of the policing functions of welfare services leading to a form of social panoptism. Only the building of a Europe-wide social state can check the spread of the penalisation of poverty and its deleterious social consequences.     

防止贫困代际传递——中国反贫新目标

在中国目前存在的两千多万贫困人口中,一些家庭的贫困已经陷入代际传递怪圈。因此,需要在反贫困战略上作出适当调整。“十一五”规划中明确提出“防止贫困代际传递”问题的新目标,是中国反贫困战略调整中的新动向。     

Community Influence on Adolescent Obesity: Race/Ethnic Differences

Using a sample of 20,000 adolescents (Add Health data), this study examined the influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity. Multilevel analyses revealed strong evidence for the unique influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity net of family characteristics. The prevalence of obesity is significantly higher in poor communities than in affluent communities; and it is higher among African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans than among Whites. The interaction between race/ethnicity and community poverty indicates that race/ethnicity moderates the influence of community poverty on the prevalence of obesity. Although the prevalence of obesity is higher among minorities than among Whites, the influence of community poverty is stronger for Whites than for minorities, suggesting that unlike Whites, most minority groups may not accrue benefits of structural community advantages. The state of being overweight as the outcome variable provided essentially the same findings. The practical implications are discussed.