贵州扶贫工作制度创新

贵州民族地区的反贫困斗争是中国反贫困斗争的重要组成部分.作者认为反贫困斗争必须走可持续发展之路,"政府+第三部门+农户"的扶贫模式是民族地区扶贫工作的优化选择,而制度创新则是实现扶贫目标的前提条件.     

解决贫困问题是怒江实现全面小康的关键

解决怒江州的贫困问题,必须调整扶贫指导思想和措施;必须加快产业结构的调整,尽快建立支柱和优势产业,增强综合竞争力;必须加快生态移民和异地扶贫开发力度;加强市场机制和观念的导入;加快交通设施建设.     

西部生态脆弱与地区扶贫政策调整

随着我国西部大开发战略的实施,研究有关西部生态脆弱地带可持续发展问题的重要性日益突出。西部生态脆弱地带与贫困地区之间存在高相关性。缓解经济贫困与生态脆弱矛盾的主要途径是发挥贫困地区劳动力比较优势,振兴教育,调整扶贫政策,平衡贫困人口数量与资源供给能力。     

Economic crisis,families, and family policy in the Baltic states, 2009–2014

ABSTRACT

The three Baltic countries experienced the most rapid population decline throughout the 1990s and 2000s in Europe. The resulting critical demographic situation motivated the governments of the Baltic states to pay more political attention to family policy issues than in the rest of Europe. The aim of the paper is to analyze the development of family policy in Baltic countries and factors that influenced it during the 2009 economic crisis. Also, the outcomes in terms of child poverty and fertility are highlighted. Results show that the economic resources and fertility level had an essential impact on family policy in the Baltic states. Economic support to families, in turn, directly alleviate the poverty level of families and indirectly influence fertility.     

沙化地区生态保护与扶贫的冲突及整合初探--析《防沙治沙法》之生态保护与扶贫相结合原则

本文从新颁布的<防沙治沙法>中的一项重要原则--生态保护与扶贫相结合原则入手,分析了沙化地区生态保护与扶贫的三个重要冲突及对策、立法原因及意义,并进一步探讨保障沙化贫困地区的环保事业的法律机制.     

基层扶贫"微腐败":生成逻辑与治理路径 ——基于交易成本政治学分析框架

扶贫工作中出现的基层"微腐败"直接影响着扶贫成效乃至农民的获得感,成为新时期反腐败工作的重点。基于交易成本政治学的分析框架,在多重、复杂的委托-代理关系和扶贫任务繁重的背景下,信息拥堵、机会主义和资产专用性引发了政治交易成本,同时诱发了"微腐败"问题。要改变这种政治效率低下、"微腐败"高发的状态,就要找到降低政治交易成本的方法。研究表明,可以从建立承诺机制、引入差异化竞争激励机制、完善乡村治理规范体系以及建设大数据共享平台等四个方面解决基层扶贫"微腐败"问题,提高精准扶贫成效。     

Forcible rape,poverty, and economic inequality in U.S. metropolitan communities

In this paper we review and extend a recent analysis of the structural determinants of forcible rape by Smith and Bennett (1985) that builds upon the theoretical works of Blau and Blau (1982) and Schwendinger and Schwendinger (1983). They find that poverty, but not racial economic inequality, is a major contributor to the rape problem. Our replication and extension of their study question these findings and point to serious theoretical and methodological limitations of their analysis. Correcting for these difficulties, we find support for Blau and Blau's argument that high rates of metropolitan rape are an apparent cost of general and racial economic inequality (two forms of relative deprivation) but not poverty (absolute deprivation). The analysis strongly suggests that the rape problem is not beyond the reach of general and racial economic reform.     

Malawi’s land problem and potential for rural conflict

Government agricultural policies which favour large-scale agriculture and rapid population growth on a limited land area have combined to create a situation of land poverty in many parts of Malawi, especially in the southern region of the country. The government’s response to land poverty has so far been focused on the creation of resettlement schemes. As such initiatives are expensive, they have tended to be piecemeal and benefit only a small fraction of land poor families. Frustrated land poor families have now resorted to land encroachment on privately held land. The emergence of movements dedicated to the restoration of estates to families with ancestral claims to the land marks a new stage in land relations which could have unwelcome consequences.     

Poverty or riches: who benefits from the booming tourism industry in Botswana?

ABSTRACT

Botswana is a key tourism destination in Southern Africa mainly because of the rich wildlife resources and scenic beauty it sustains. Since the 1990s, the growth of wildlife-based tourism in Botswana has stimulated the development of a variety of tourism infrastructure and facilities. This paper asks if these qualify as sustainable tourism. Using both primary and secondary data sources, the study reveals that foreign-owned safari companies and investors dominate Botswana’s tourism industry, leading to the repatriation of tourism revenue, domination of management positions by expatriates and lower salaries for citizen workers. Tourism also fails to significantly contribute to rural development in Botswana due to its weak linkages with the domestic economy. Promoting more inclusive and beneficial policies and strategies would allow tourism to become more sustainable, making a significant contribution to local development, and allowing citizens to finally see real benefits from an industry which is sustained by their local environment.     

Put Down Your Knitting: Unpicking Social Welfare Professionalisation in 1970s Australia

This article compares evidence given to the 1970s Commonwealth Commission of Enquiry into Poverty by a social worker from Armidale with that of a group of foster carers in Adelaide. It does so to illuminate the power struggle underway between volunteers, professionals and experts at a key moment in Australia’s social welfare history. The testimonies provide two very different perspectives on the challenges of social welfare professionalisation. Analysing them allows a deeper exploration of those challenges, which, to date, have been under-explored, while bringing a greater understanding of the factors that shaped the creation of enquiry submissions.