从民族生态的特点看移民式扶贫开发——以广西环江的跨县异地安置为例

环江自1993起的十年时间内,以异地安置方式先后接收了近6万大石山区贫困人口。经过多年发展,移民们已较好地融入了环江当地的生产生活,从搬出来,到稳下来,正奔着“富”起来的目标踏实前行着。分析上述事件有诸多视角,本文意欲从现实民族生态的特点出发作一番尝试性思考。     

信息分化与弱势群体的权利贫困

信息分化是指在当代社会信息化发展过程中．由于信息技术的迅速发展与有效应用而导出的一种人类社会的不同信息活动主体之间的信息差距及其不断扩大的社会分化现象。它与公民的权利贫困相关,它往往进一步加剧弱势群体的权利贫困。对于社会弱势群体的权利贫困状况,各级政府要给予高度重视,应该加大“信息扶贫”的力度,让弱势群体回归主流社会。     

Public Beliefs in the Causes of Wealth and Poverty and Legitimization of Inequalities in Russia and Estonia

The article analyzes the attributions of the causes of poverty and wealth in Russia and Estonia in 1991 and 1996 and their determinants. Among the latter are the perceived actual justice of the society, the perceived size of the middle class, and the personal position in the system of inequalities. Despite the economic hardships and a rise in inequalities in both countries, individualistic explanations of wealth and poverty have increased over the 5 years between the surveys. At the same time respondents in both countries demonstrated a growing awareness of the importance of starting positions and connections to achieve wealth. The perceived middle class has a significant effect on attributions of poverty but not on wealth. Russians in Estonia have a particular bias against wealth, whereas non-Russians in Russia are more likely to justify wealth on the basis of individual merit. Explanations of poverty and wealth in Estonia are more rooted in the factors of socialization (age, education, and gender), whereas in Russia they are more rooted in the changes in the family financial circumstances between 1991 and 1996. There was a general increase in support for government intervention in distribution in both countries.     

贵州“智力扶贫”实证分析

＂智力扶贫＂是贵州新世纪扶贫独创的＂六大模式＂之一。实地调研表明,贵州智力扶贫存在地方政府的重视程度和支持力度不够、贫困人口的参与度不够、内容狭窄等问题,论文据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

Participation in welfare legislation—A poverty-aware paradigm

Public participation, responsive regulation, and other policy formulations are intended to draw governments down from their ivory towers and into engagement with the people. However, they paint at best, a hazy picture of who “the people” are. This superficial representation is felt, among other collectives, by people living in poverty, who not only face hunger, often accompanied by poorer health and lower life expectancy, but whose social exclusion typically goes unrecognized by the authorities. The legal framing of poverty—and, as a result, states' policy approaches to its alleviation—focuses on the material core, representing a very thin conceptualization that fails to address the social dimension. Furthermore, practical avenues for incorporating citizens' views into lawmaking—which might enrich understanding—are lacking when it comes to people in poverty. Combined with a blatantly hegemonic stance, the resulting ignorance around poverty and “the poor” generates welfare laws that are woefully out of touch with reality, and legislative thinking that perpetuates, rather than alleviates, poverty. This paper seeks to make a twofold contribution: (i) to demonstrate this situation with a deep empirical inquiry into the legislative process of one legal provision within the Israeli welfare law regime, juxtaposed against qualitative field-research findings and (ii) to introduce the inventive and groundbreaking “poverty-aware” paradigm, constructed in social-work discourse, to illuminate and explain the empirical findings and point to potential procedural–institutional reform, to pave the way for poverty-aware legislation.     

见怪不怪与其怪自败

中国的基尼系数从20世纪80年代的0 25上升到目前的0 458,并且还有进一步扩大的趋势。进入20世纪90年代中期以后,我国城市贫困的状况持续恶化,农村贫困的缓解也面临着极大的困难。即便是按照我们自己制定的非常之低的贫困线来衡量,目前城乡绝对贫困人口的数量也在1亿人上下,如果按照联合国制定的每人每天1美元来衡量,中国的贫困人口总量将达到2 5亿人的规模。     

妇女贫困：从农村到城乡，从收入贫困到多维贫困——2000年以来中国“妇女贫困”研究评述与展望

随着中国社会经济的发展,妇女贫困呈现出新的地域性与内涵特点,相应地对妇女贫困的研究重点也应有所转移。本文在纵观2000年以来研究者对中国妇女贫困的理解与认知、贫困研究方法、贫困原因分析、对贫困的体验等研究成果的基础上,分析了中国妇女贫困研究的未来走势。     

智力支边"毕节模式"的成功实践及启示

智力支边"毕节模式"有着许多成功的经验,但在沟通协调机制、扶贫绩效评估机制及理论研究等方面也存在明显的不足,有必要建立更为完善的智力支边扶贫工作机制,动员更多的社会资源与政府扶贫项目及资金有机结合以提高扶贫效率和成效.同时,有必要从集中在毕节试验区的智力支边扶贫实践中,总结出一些成熟的、切实可行的、有推广价值的经验,通...     

贫困与相对贫困：影响青少年越轨与犯罪的因素

贫困不是青少年越轨和犯罪的必然原因,因贫困产生的社会问题和主体变异却是青少年越轨和犯罪的重要原因。在社会转型期,最大限度地实现社会公平,并形成健康的社会心理环境,是预防青少年越轨与犯罪的关键因素。