贫穷——刘震云小说中人性异化的外因

本文通过探完刘震云小说人性异化问题产生的外部原因：对物质匮乏的困顿，对精神空虚的迷茫，以及从而导致内在心理层面上需求的不满足、欲望的膨胀、交际要求不能实现的困惑等因素进行了认真地分析，对解读刘震云的小说有一定的帮助。     

The immediate impact of the global financial crisis and neo-liberal austerity policies on in-work poverty dynamics in Lithuania

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes the extent and features of in-work poverty in Lithuania in the aftermath of the global economic crisis of 2007–2008. It argues that the significant expansion of the phenomenon during this time period was fostered by neoliberal policies that have been shaping the welfare system in the country for more than two decades. Furthermore, it draws attention to employment conditions and seeks to understand the experiences of those who live in in-work poverty. This article reveals that, during the period investigated, in-work poverty in Lithuania was associated with being a woman, having children, belonging to single-parent household, and being employed in a precarious working environment.     

我国城市贫困家庭子女的教育救助问题研究

目前,贫困家庭子女教育经费拮据、受教育程度低,教育期望与职业期望不高,并已经显现出失业率高和职业稳定性差等后果性问题。建议政府在制定教育政策和制度时,在观念上建立人力资本和社会投资的理念,在行动上策划和发展有效的职业训练方案。     

中国减贫25年的历程、经验及启示

从1978年开始至今,中国的减贫事业取得了显著成就,但中国目前仍是人均收入水平较低的发展中国家,消除贫困的任务仍相当艰巨,还需要进行长期艰苦的努力,逐步改变贫困地区经济、社会、文化的落后状况,为达到小康水平创造条件。     

社会工作者服务贫困救助领域的功能及其制约因素探讨——基于深圳市、长沙市、贵阳市的实证调查

当前社会工作在社会救助领域中开展迅速,基本介入到贫困救助的各个方面,并已初见成效。然而,由于贫穷救助领域中社会工作发展的总体水平较低,与弱势群体的现实需求存在较大差距,因此如何消除其制约因素亟待深入研究。     

Trends in the Experience of Injustice: Justice Indexes About Earnings in Six Societies, 1991–1996

This paper examines trends in the experience of injustice in six societies—Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East and West Germany, Hungary, and Russia—between 1991 and 1996. Using data collected by the International Social Justice Project, we estimate the justice index, JI1, and its decomposition into the amount of injustice attributable to poverty and the amount of injustice attributable to inequality; and we also examine gender differences in the justice index and its decomposition. The justice index is a summary measure of individuals' justice evaluations, and therefore the paper also takes a preliminary look at the two basic quantities that underlie the justice evaluation—actual earnings and just earnings—and their determinants, investigating, for the men of East and West Germany, the actual and just returns to schooling and experience in 1991 and 1996.     

城市反贫困:政策比较与中国关怀

随着农村贫困人口的空间转换,城市未来将成为贫困问题凸显的集中地,为完成城市减贫目标,必须回到城市反贫困的政策之中。当前中国在城市反贫困政策上存在定位偏差、目标偏差和执行偏差的情况,救助政策侧重于消极保护,救助对象范围较小,政策之间难以衔接。为解决这些问题,须结合国外发达国家和发展中国家反贫困实践的经验,从定位转型、目标扩展和政策衔接三个方面入手,建设以积极支持为主要内容、以城市居民和新贫困群体为主要对象、"网式"服务的反贫困政策体系。     

认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑精准化研究——兼评《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》

《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》细化了认罪认罚的从宽规则,肯定了阶梯式从宽量刑的指导思想,但其在从宽量刑精细化方面仍有不足。认罪认罚客观上存在一个与教育改善难易度和办案价值量相对应的阶梯式等级体系。在设定认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑幅度时,应当以教育改善的难易度、办案价值量两个因素为主线。根据教育改善难易度的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为自首型、坦白型、功利型三个类别;根据办案价值量的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为三个价值级别。根据认罪认罚的"三个类别"和"三个级别"之间的组合,认罪认罚形成九梯度的等级体系。九梯度的等级体系,最高从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的70%至免除处罚,最低从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的5%以下。     

Land grab/data grab: precision agriculture and its new horizons

ABSTRACT

Developments in the area of ‘precision agriculture’ are creating new data points (about flows, soils, pests, climate) that agricultural technology providers ‘grab’, aggregate, compute and/or sell. Food producers now churn out food and, increasingly, data. ‘Land grabs’ on the horizon in the global south are bound up with the dynamics of data grabbing, although hitherto researchers have not revealed enough about the people and projects at issue. Against this backdrop, this paper examines some key issues taking shape, while highlighting new frontiers for research and introducing the concept ‘data sovereignty’, which food sovereignty practitioners (and others) need to begin considering.     

中国反贫困战略面临的困惑及调整思路

20世纪末中国农村反贫困取得了伟大成就 ,贫困人口大幅度减少。世纪之交 ,中国农村反贫困战略也面临诸多矛盾与新的挑战。本文在总结十多年扶贫开发的经验教训基础上 ,对 2 1世纪初中国农村反贫困战略问题进行了探索研究。