宁夏农村金融扶贫的路径选择——大力发展微型金融服务

微型金融是为解决发展中国家农村金融落后而兴起的一种金融形式,发展微型金融服务已成为当前我国农村金融改革的重要课题。也是宁夏农村摆脱贫困、帮助农民创业,实现宁夏农村金融扶贫的新的路径选择。     

Experiential and empathetic engagements with global poverty: ‘Live below the line so that others can rise above it’

In recent years events that physically challenge Northern publics have emerged as a new form of engagement with global poverty. In this article we examine the ‘Live Below the Line’ (LBTL) campaign, which asks participants to live on a small amount of money equivalent to the international poverty line for five days, as an example of experiential exercises that complement physical challenges with the simulation of some aspect of poor people’s lives. Drawing on interviews with participants in the 2013 New Zealand campaign, we argue that LBTL creates a limited understanding of poverty focused on poor food consumption caused by low income. While participants were able to have a more embodied and empathetic engagement with poverty, they projected their own physical and emotional sensations onto imagined poor others. As a result, stereotypes about those living in poverty were reinforced rather than challenged.     

How the World Bank manages social risks: implementation of the Social Risk Mitigation Project in Turkey

This paper aims to assess the World Bank’s social risk management approach to poverty by focusing on the implementation details of the Social Risk Mitigation Project in Turkey, a World Bank project that depends on this approach. The paper looks at the approach through the concept of neoliberal governmentality, as an attempt to produce responsible poor citizens during a period when the responsibility for providing social services is transferred to the market and the family. By using field research it demonstrates that, with the intervention of local factors, several unintended consequences emerge in the implementation of a social risk management project. The article concludes that these outcomes, although not planned or intended, have all been instrumental in depoliticising poverty and the poor in the country. Moreover, in spite of all the problems and dissatisfaction, thanks to the Bank’s own portrayal, this project has contributed to the image of the Bank as a development institution that achieves successes in its fight with poverty.     

Land grab/data grab: precision agriculture and its new horizons

ABSTRACT

Developments in the area of ‘precision agriculture’ are creating new data points (about flows, soils, pests, climate) that agricultural technology providers ‘grab’, aggregate, compute and/or sell. Food producers now churn out food and, increasingly, data. ‘Land grabs’ on the horizon in the global south are bound up with the dynamics of data grabbing, although hitherto researchers have not revealed enough about the people and projects at issue. Against this backdrop, this paper examines some key issues taking shape, while highlighting new frontiers for research and introducing the concept ‘data sovereignty’, which food sovereignty practitioners (and others) need to begin considering.     

中国反贫困战略面临的困惑及调整思路

20世纪末中国农村反贫困取得了伟大成就 ,贫困人口大幅度减少。世纪之交 ,中国农村反贫困战略也面临诸多矛盾与新的挑战。本文在总结十多年扶贫开发的经验教训基础上 ,对 2 1世纪初中国农村反贫困战略问题进行了探索研究。     

论可持续脱贫

改革开放以来,中国的农村扶贫工作经历了体制改革推动扶贫、大规模扶贫开发、“八七”扶贫攻坚和新“农村扶贫开发纲要”实施等四个阶段,虽然扶贫工作取得巨大的成就,但是当前农村反贫困的任务仍然十分艰巨。面临的主要问题是扶贫效益递减、农村中贫困人口的收入差距拉大以及贫困人口脱贫后返贫。解决这些问题的关键在于实施“以人为本”的可持续脱贫战略。可持续脱贫战略具有综合性、长期性、动态性和整体性等基本特征。     

社会资本视角下的贫困女性化解读

贫困女性化现象是一个全球关注的问题,文章从社会资本理论的视角对女性贫困的根源进行了深入的探讨,提出反女性贫困的相关对策建议,对于解决贫困女性化问题是十分有意义的。     

工作贫困脱贫路径探析——基于北京市职工队伍调查数据的实证分析

在开展脱贫攻坚工作的过程中,工作贫困问题得到越来越多的关注,推动和实现工作贫困群体的更高质量就业问题亟待解决.本研究利用2017年北京市职工队伍调查数据,分析了工作贫困者就业质量影响因素.结果 显示:劳动报酬因素对工作贫困者就业质量的总体作用相对薄弱;工作时间因素对工作贫困者就业质量的解释力度较弱;职业发展因素和职业尊...     

The local impacts of large-scale land acquisitions: a review of case study evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) are controversially discussed with respect to their local impacts. On the one hand, they are regarded as an opportunity for employment creation and a transfer of knowledge and technology, which enhances productivity and output in agriculture. On the other hand, they are said to impair food security and to foster land conflicts and environmental degradation. Despite the existence of numerous case studies, systematic evidence on the impact of LSLAs on local communities is not available. In this paper we review the existing literature in order to provide a summary of the characteristics of LSLAs and of the impact they have on local livelihoods. We find that while positive effects arise through employment creation and the provision of public goods and services, these benefits are offset by inadequate compensation, land conflicts, and environmental degradation. Overall, most case studies find a negative impact of LSLAs on local livelihoods.     

Social Classes and the Neo-Liberal Poverty Regime in Turkey, 2002–2011

The Justice and Development Party (or AKP) era in Turkey has witnessed the emergence of a new welfare regime resting on voluntary public and private transfers. This system has been replacing the former welfare system in which the right to social welfare benefits was constitutionally guaranteed. The new welfare system has tended to distribute transfers on a selective and unequal basis. This article analyses the size and effects of this system using a social class-based analytical framework. In explaining class structure in Turkey, we use the official Household Budget Survey database. The results indicate a massive process of proletarianisation has taken place. Our results indicate that the working classes have constituted the majority of the poor. In this environment, the shares of voluntary public and private transfers in the incomes of households have been rising. For some classes, like rural unemployed, urban unemployed and agricultural labourers, these transfers have captured a very high share of the incomes. These transfers have also been distributed very unequally. Their share in the central budget has also been rising. All these point to the emergence of a new neo-liberal welfare (poverty) regime as part of a new labour control regime.