Natural resource policies and standard of living in Kazakhstan

This paper evaluates Kazakhstan's natural resource policies and their impact on the standard of living of the Kazakhstan population within the framework of three determinative factors: globalization and international markets; Soviet legacy and ‘resource nationalism’; and Nursultan Nazarbayev and his authoritarian leadership. It argues that natural resource policies of Kazakhstan failed to improve the living standards of the majority of people in Kazakhstan, especially the poor and those living in oil-producing and rural areas, despite increasing oil prices and revenues. The argument will be supported with an analysis of Kazakhstan's oil wealth distribution in light of global initiatives as well as with evidence derived from official reports and statistical data to find out whether Nazarbayev's widely discussed ‘resource nationalism’ is ‘nationalistic’ enough to favour the whole nation.     

反贫困的若干法律思考

政府同时具有保护性政府和再分配政府这两种特性 ,它们在反贫困中有着不同的作用。政府是反贫困的主导力量 ,社会组织是必要的补充 ,二者应该在法律的保障下进行分工与合作。贫困的形成和腐败有着必然的联系 ,因此 ,我们必须制约政府官员的权力 ,反对腐败。法律制度是反贫困工作得以顺利进行的保障 ,它是行政措施无法替代的。     

改进农村信贷扶贫工作的思考

信贷扶贫是扶贫开发的重要方武,但由于政策、体制等多种原因,信贷扶贫工作出现了一些不容忽视的问题,迫切需 要从管理体制、管理办法、贷款贴患、资金循环机制、基础管理等方面采取综合有力的措施加以解决。     

Challenges Faced by Transitional China and Countermeasures

正The socio-economic transition of China features the transformation from planned economy to market economy,from an agrarian society to an urban society,from an industrial society to an information society,and from a poverty-stricken society to an affluent society.Reform is theprerequisite and driving force of transition.Both transition and reform will confront with various resistances,obstacles,problems and hardships.     

新农村建设中的广西农村医疗救助研究

实施农村医疗救助是新农村建设的重要内容,也是新农村建设的应有之义。广西农村医疗救助取得了一些成绩,但还存在医疗救助对象瞄准偏差、救助水平偏低、救助基金结余过多、慈善组织提供的医疗救助资源太少等问题,我们从实施目标定位政策、提高救助资金筹集能力、提高救助方案测算科学性和发展慈善医疗救助四个方面提出进一步完善的对策。     

State and Private Economic Sectors Align

正A striking feature of China’s economic development is the breadth of social layers benefiting from it.At the bottom of the economic ladder,China has lifted over 600 million people from internationally defined poverty–accounting for the entire global fall in the number of those living in poverty.Taking middle incomes,while median U.S.wages have fallen in the last seven years,     

“两大战略”:引领宁夏全面小康社会建设的总纲

宁夏第十一次党代会确立的沿黄经济区发展战略和百万贫困人口扶贫攻坚战略,准确体现了党中央精神,深刻反映了宁夏区情,是引领宁夏全面小康社会建设的总纲。沿黄经济区战略应着力实施好工业化、城乡一体化和以川济山等具体战略,中南部地区应着力实施好人口递减、多业并举、城镇化、基本公共服务均等化和对外合作等具体战略。     

Who will make the ‘best’ use of Africa’s land? Lessons from Zimbabwe

Conflict over African land – between smallholders and large industrial farmers and between domestic farmers and global agribusinesses – raises key questions about who will make the best use of African land and which farmers do most to decrease poverty and produce more food, industrial inputs and exports. Zimbabwe has already gone through two major changes in land occupation, and thus provides an important test of what is the ‘best’ use of the land. Three measures of ‘best’ use have been cited in Zimbabwe: reward for military victory, poverty reduction and agricultural production. Initial evidence indicates that commercial smallholder production is a better use of the land than larger, more mechanised farming.     

当前我国非直接利益冲突频发的体制性根源

近年频发的非直接利益冲突是社会矛盾的新形态,是改革开放过程中经济—政治—行政—社会等体制性弊端日积月累的必然产物。这些弊端主要表现为经济利益高度分化所导致的"相对剥夺感"、参与制度供给不足所导致的"权利贫困"、公共权力异化和政府治理能力滞后所导致的"合法性危机"及公民社会发育不良所导致的"公共空间萎缩"。