Beyond the ‘At Risk’ Individual: Housing and the Eradication of Poverty to Prevent Homelessness

A prevention framework represents one of the fundamental means of the Australian Government's contemporary drive to achieve permanent reductions in homelessness. Consistent with prevailing policies in the UK and US, Australia has approached homelessness prevention through identification and early intervention of individuals ‘at risk’ of homelessness. In this article we suggest that prevention strategies focused on the risk factors that individual pose obscures efforts to address the underlying structural factors that contribute to homelessness, or to reduce the prevalence of homelessness at the overall population level. The article examines the efficacy of increasing the supply of affordable housing to prevent homelessness, but suggests that the provision of housing alone may be insufficient to realising related well‐being objectives. In turn, it is proposed that policy which focuses on poverty reduction has the capacity to achieve the sustainable prevention of homelessness ambitions.     

Defamilialization of Childcare,Commodification of Mothers,and Poverty： Recognition of New Social Risks in Korea

This study analyzed the relationship between new social risks and poverty in Korea, with specific foci on the changes in the family and in the labor market. Through the analysis, this study maintains that the expanding welfare state in Korea requires policies responding both to NSRs （new social risks） and to traditional social risks. The findings of this study are as follows： First, care responsibilities within the household were strongly associated with the poverty status of household. Second, dual-breadwinner households were less likely to fall into poverty than households with a single male breadwinner. Third, the flexible labor market that leads to poverty not only influences irregular or part-time workers but regular workers as well. These findings show that households of self-employed workers were even worse off than those of irregular workers, who were previously identified as the group who suffered most due to the flexible labor market.     

城市贫困家庭青少年发展的现状及对策

贫困是复杂的社会现象,伴随着我国的社会转型,城市贫困家庭的问题日益凸显,对家庭中青少年的发展具有潜在深远的影响。以＂城市贫困课题组＂的社会调查数据为基础,探讨城市家庭贫困与青少年发展之间的关系,针对构建城市贫困家庭中青少年的社会支持系统提出相对应的政策及建议。     

Is long-term food insecurity inevitable in Asia?

Abstract

This article questions two widely accepted claims on long-term food insecurity in Asia, the world's (heterogeneous) region with the largest number of undernourished individuals. The first claim is that food production may not grow as fast as the pace of population growth in Asia, which will reach 5 billion by 2050. The second claim is that an unstoppable emergence of a middle class in Asia will dramatically change the composition of food demand. On the first claim, the region's contribution to high and volatile international food prices is well known, but Asia's potentially positive contributions toward future price uncertainty and productivity growth are much less cited. On the second claim, the changing composition of future food demand in the region will depend on the extent that poverty reduction effectively leads to middle class expansion, which it is not an automatic process, and its extent still remains to be seen. Past evidence teaches us that poverty reduction on its own will not do the job of eradicating hunger, nor will only increasing food production. The jury is still out, but doomsday predictions are not necessarily justified.     

关系特质与社会支持——以北京市城市贫困家庭为例

本文考察了城市贫困家庭社会网络的关系特质与其提供的社会支持内容之间的关系。研究发现:在城市贫困家庭的社会关系网络中,家庭经济条件较好者更倾向于提供经济方面的支持,职业声望较高者更倾向于提供就业和经济方面的支持;见面频度与所有支持项目都有显著关系,即见面频度越高,提供支持的可能性越大;在关系类型方面,亲属,特别是近亲,是城市贫困家庭获取多种社会支持的最主要来源。     

新扶贫标准下贵州农村低保制度的建设与完善

文章分析了在新扶贫标准下贵州扶贫工作面临的新挑战,贵州农村居民最低生活保障制度的现状及问题,并在此基础上提出完善贵州农村居民最低生活保障制度的对策建议。     

贫困问题与和谐发展

经过20多年的改革和经济发展,我国的改革开放已经步入关键时期。实现国民经济的增长和社会进步的协调发展,是推动改革开放的进一步深入和促进社会主义现代化建设不断发展的重要保证。经济和社会发展过程中的一个突出问题是贫困问题,贫困不但会带来一系列严重的社会问题,而且会成为经济、社会和谐发展的巨大障碍。解决贫困问题成为和谐发展的关键所在。     

社会排斥视角下的中国农村贫困

中国农村在经济、政治、社会生活、福利制度和文化等五个维度上长期遭受着社会排斥,是农村贫困成为社会发展中久治不愈的深层次原因。社会排斥及其他因素的综合作用,形成了农村贫困再生产机制,使农村贫困处于恶性的代际传递与循环之中。消除农村贫困的关键在于改革国内现行的社会经济政策和制定新的社会政策,消除社会排斥导致的事实上的不平等,还农村一种公正和公平的环境,以促进社会融合,促进社会主义的新农村建设及和谐社会建设。     

Decentralisation and poverty: conceptual framework and application to Uganda

In order to shed further light on the discussion about decentralisation‐poverty linkages in developing countries, this article introduces a conceptual framework for the relationship between decentralisation and poverty. The framework takes the form of an optimal scenario and indicates potential ways for an impact of decentralisation on poverty. Three different but interrelated channels are identified. Decentralisation is considered to affect poverty through providing opportunities for previously excluded people to participate in public decision‐making, through increasing efficiency in the provision of local public services due to an informational advantage of local governments over the central government and through granting autonomy to geographically separable conflict groups and entitling local bodies to resolve local‐level conflicts. Based on the experience with decentralisation in Uganda, it is shown that these channels are often not fully realised in practice. Different reasons are singled out for the Ugandan case, among them low levels of information about local government affairs, limited human capital and financial resources, restricted local autonomy, corruption and patronage, high administrative costs related with decentralisation and low downward accountability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贵州扶贫工作制度创新

贵州民族地区的反贫困斗争是中国反贫困斗争的重要组成部分.作者认为反贫困斗争必须走可持续发展之路,"政府+第三部门+农户"的扶贫模式是民族地区扶贫工作的优化选择,而制度创新则是实现扶贫目标的前提条件.