Influences and Mediators of the Effect of Poverty on Young Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Data from a sample of young adolescents between the ages of 10 and 12 years (N = 898) from the mother–child data set of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed in a study of influences that explain the relation between poverty and depressive symptoms measured 2 years later. Other variables that predicted youth depressive symptoms were also identified. Results indicated that neighborhood problems, nonparticipation in outside school and neighborhood activities, residing with mothers who exhibited depressive symptoms, and mother's use of physical punishment were partial mediators of the effect of poverty on depressive symptoms 2 years later. Youth health status, lower levels of school satisfaction, marital-partner conflict, and father's emotional support also predicted depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that youth depressive symptoms are multiply determined and that poverty can adversely affect young adolescents in many ways.     

简论阿马蒂亚·森理论对中国反贫困的启示

"自由"有超越效率、经济利益的意义,发展就是自由的扩展。"自由"的基础是要有"可行能力"。市场的整体成就深深地依赖于政治和社会安排。贫困的实质不是收入的低下,而是可行能力的贫困或被剥夺。中国反贫困对策的核心是政府要通过恰当的公共政策来提高贫困人口的可行能力。     

Politics, Altruism, and the Definition of Poverty

The history of poverty lines suggests that they are determined jointly with poverty policy in the same political game. If the definition of poverty is endogenous, however, why do altruistic voters allow poverty to persist indefinitely, as seems to be the case in real life? A simple redistribution model shows that the persistence of poverty imposes fairly strong restrictions on the nature of voter altruism. Specifically, a voter's compassion for the poor must rise as the defined severity of the poverty problem worsens. Given such preferences, political actors face incentives to define poverty as a severe problem and then to use redistribution to reduce it significantly. There is no direct incentive to eliminate poverty, however; indeed, voters may prefer a state in which policy always attacks poverty vigorously and yet never defeats it. It follows that social policy should not be judged by its success in eliminating poverty, which may be directly counter to voter interests and therefore practically impossible. Rather, we should ask whether poverty policy provides enough help to people whom voters currently consider to be poor.     

论吉林村镇银行可持续发展问题

制约当前村镇银行可持续发展的最大障碍是慈善思维方式——农民因为贫穷需要廉价资金。村镇银行发放小额农户贷款被认为是扶贫的手段。村镇银行采取商业化方式,实施高利率小额农户信贷与支持、帮助农村中的贫困群体并不矛盾。完善小额农户贷款还需要信贷员激励机制。村镇银行需要政府扶助,但又要避免地方政府的过度干预,避免政府信用担保的道德风险,这样才能实现可持续发展。     

A Poverty of Imagination: Blaming the Poor for Inequality

Inequality in Britain today is now so deep that the top 10 per cent own 100 times more than the bottom 10 per cent, yet there is remarkably little public concern or anger about poverty. Indeed, compassion and concern for the poorest in society has actually declined in recent years due to the continued, and even increased, prevalence of the view that poverty is largely caused by laziness and lack of willpower, or is simply an unavoidable fact of modern life. Either way, many people tacitly accept that ‘the poor will always be with us’. Moreover, much of the British public believes that there are sufficient opportunities to succeed for those who try hard enough, and also that it is the middle class which actually struggles the most, economically or financially. These assumptions are highly conservative in their ideological and political implications because they limit public support for egalitarianism and extensive wealth redistribution from rich to poor.     

趋势面拟合在机场噪声监测评价中的应用

机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级LWECPN数据来自网格布点监测,这些数据可视为连续曲面上的离散点。寻求利用有限的监测数据,拟合机场周围飞机噪声影响区域内噪声级的曲面分布,根据噪声级精确度允许误差的要求,采用统计检验的方法,确定拟合函数模型的精确度,从而得到机场周围飞机噪声的噪声级等值线分布图。     

习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题重要论述的逻辑内涵与时代价值

习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题的重要论述是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分。马克思主义反贫困理论、习近平基层工作实践、国际国内环境变迁带来的全新挑战构成了习近平开展扶贫脱贫工作的理论之基、历史之源和时代之势。习近平关于扶贫脱贫问题的重要论述具有丰富的理论内涵,具体表现为:"有的放矢"的扶贫脱贫格局"、科学高效"的扶贫脱贫策略"、授人以渔"的扶贫脱贫方法"、合作共赢"的扶贫脱贫实践。这些理论内涵逻辑地构成了具有坚持世界性和民族性相统一、物质扶持和精神关照相并存、当前发展与未来进步相结合等鲜明特点的科学思想体系。它构成了深入推进中国特色社会主义扶贫脱贫工作的实践指南,并为解决世界性贫困问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。     

新时期扶贫与发展的几点思考

２０世纪末，中国的扶贫工作取得了卓越成效。当进入２１世纪时，中国所剩贫困人口主要集中在西部少数民族地区，仍面临着许多问题，扶贫与脱贫工作还很艰难，各有关部门千万不能松懈，还要积极进行研究，探索新时期解决贫困的新措施、新方法。     

“Ceaseless Poverty”?

Abstract

Looking at Dickinson and Hölderlin, this essay begins by exploring the idea of the poetic dimension of existence and its relation to the image, or more precisely, to the capability to disclose into images. For Dickinson the relentless “poverty” of a non-poetic existence indicates that what is missing from such existence are not just images but the capacity for their “disclosing” - the poetic gift or aptitude. With the help of Heidegger’s essays on poetry and poverty, I invert this relation between image and poverty to show that, even though the inceptive character of the poetic word and the element of poetic dwelling it allows to emerge appear poor in comparison to images or concepts, it is the poetic word that for the very first time lets humans dwell. Although it can neither boast the richness of “pictures” nor the strength and precision of conceptual comprehension, the poetic is what opens up the world for humans and simultaneously opens their being to its characteristic manner of inhabiting this world.     

资源枯竭型城市贫困与反贫困对策研究

中央制定"十二五"规划的重要指导思想之一就是坚持把保障和改善民生作为加快转变经济发展方式的根本出发点和落脚点,解决资源枯竭型城市由于资源主导产业的衰退造成的贫困问题,是保障和改善民生问题的题中应有之义.资源枯竭型城市存在较严重的集体性失业、群体性贫困等问题;资源型城市的贫困问题除了资源枯竭这一客观因素外,与一系列的失衡不无关系;破解资源枯竭型城市贫困难题的主要对策,就是促进资源枯竭地区转型发展.