Two Fatal Cases of Hidden Pneumonia in Young People*

Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange. This condition is often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. We present two fatal cases of hidden pneumonia in young people and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism of ARDS with reference to the histological pattern. A complete forensic approach by means of autopsy and histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological, examination was carried out. In both cases the cause of death was cardio‐respiratory failure following an acute bilateral pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage and ARDS associated with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Our cases suggest on one side the importance of an early diagnosis to avoid unexpected death while on the other that the diagnosis of ARDS has to be confirmed on the basis of a careful postmortem examination and a complete microscopy and microbiological study.     

应对突发冲击的宏观调控预案设计要点探析

设计应对突发冲击的宏观调控预案应从设计合理、运行有效和检验与改进三个基本点出发。在静态预案和动态应对的权衡中使预案设计弹性化,手段选择合理化,坚持长期利益优先、直接调控和间接调控相结合;通过模拟演练、虚拟对照等方式检验和改进预案;在严密监控、多角度规划和责权明晰下保证预案的有效运行。     

福德汉姆的后荣格分析心理学

米歇尔·福德汉姆是20世纪英国杰出的心理治疗家、后荣格学者中发展流派的主要创始人之一。他以荣格集体潜意识的心灵模型为基础开展临床实践和理论思考,借鉴了当代精神分析特别是克莱因的客体关系理论,填补了分析心理学的不足。在很大程度上使分析心理学淡化了其现代神话的色彩,而增添了很多现代科学的色彩。福德汉姆对分析心理学的理论和实践的发展,既有积极贡献,也存在一定局限。     

创新基层痕迹检验工作开展的策略分析

痕迹检验作为刑事案件侦破过程中的关键环节,主要是通过对刑事案件现场或者疑似现场进行与犯罪行为相关的痕迹物证的发现与提取,并借助相应的技术手段获取其中包含的重要信息,为案件侦破提供相应信息指引和佐证。随着痕迹检验理论和技术的丰富,近年来我国基层痕迹检验工作开展的效率和效果得到了明显的提升。但同时需要注意的是,现代化技术犯罪行为的增加以及罪犯反侦查技术的使用,使得基层痕迹检验工作面临的压力不断加大。因此,基层痕迹检验工作需要通过有效的创新加以推进,从而适应形势发展的要求。     

Principled Moderation: Understanding Parties’ Support of Moderate Candidates

Recent scholarship has argued that parties strategically support more moderate, and thus more electable, candidates. Using interviews with party elites and new data on the party support and the ideology of primary candidates for the US Senate, I show that parties do support moderate candidates. However, using evidence from districts with different levels of competitiveness and over time, I find that support of moderate candidates appears not to be strategic. Rather, party support of moderate candidates appears to be the result of the ideological preferences of party leadership rather a strategic effort to win elections.     

Death From Butane Inhalation Abuse in Teenagers: Two New Case Studies and Review of the Literature

The ready availability of butane makes butane abuse frequent. Fatalities are rare. This study presents two cases of death by butane overdose. The postmortem analyses were carried out using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It revealed femoral blood butane concentrations of 18 and 22 mg/L, respectively, as well as specific combinations of adjuvants in each victim. In one of the victims, brain and fatty tissue also contained butane, pointing to chronic consumption. The originality of this study is to show that the identification of specific combinations of adjuvants can be helpful for identifying the brand of deodorant used. Also, sampling the skin and mucosa can help identify the method of drug delivery. The histological examination documented both the direct toxic effect of the gas on the respiratory mucosa and signs of chronic abuse. Volatile substance intoxications should be systematically considered in case of sudden death in a teenager.     

Involvement of Amphetamines in Sudden and Unexpected Death

Abstract:  In the present study, the effects of amphetamine-class drugs were examined in cases reported to the Victorian coroner from 2001 to 2005 to determine if death can occur from the use of amphetamine-class drugs alone. A total of 169 cases were reviewed where a forensic autopsy detected amphetamine(s) in the blood. Pathology, toxicology, and police reports were analyzed in all cases to ascertain the involvement of amphetamine-class drugs in these deaths. In Victoria, methamphetamine (MA) is the principal abused amphetamine-class followed by methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). There were six cases in which a cerebral hemorrhage caused death and three cases in which serotonin syndrome was established as being caused by the interaction of MDMA and moclobemide. There were 19 cases in which long-term use of amphetamines was associated with heart disease. There were three cases where amphetamine-class drugs alone were regarded as the cause of death, of which two cases exhibited high levels of MDMA and lesser amounts of MA and/or amphetamine. There were no cases in which significant natural disease was absent and death was regarded as caused by the use of MA. There was no correlation between blood concentration of drug and outcome.     

原发性脑干损伤NF表达定量研究

目的探讨脑干神经丝蛋白的定量分析对短时间内死亡的原发性脑干损伤鉴定的法医学意义。方法14例原发性脑干损伤者的脑干标本（损伤组）和15例脑外疾病死亡者的脑干标本（对照组）,分别取中脑、脑桥及延脑组织,作NF广谱免疫组化染色,用OPTIMAS 6.0系统图像分析仪定量检测脑干的神经丝蛋白表达,所得数据进行统计学对比处理。结果中脑、脑桥、延脑的NF阳性表达率分别为75.84±23.62（对照组45.17±17.95）,65.94±14.61（对照组42.99±24.12）和83.30±26.66（对照组53.50±28.14）,损伤组与对照组的NF阳性物含量在中脑、脑桥及延脑等3个部位中均有显著差异,P〈0.001或〈0.01。结论定量分析人脑干神经丝蛋白的含量变化,超出常人数量对鉴定早期原发性脑干损伤有价值。     

缺失信号肽和跨膜区的PRRSV GP5融合蛋白基因的表达

通过分析猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)HH08株GP5基因序列,设计了2对引物,经PCR扩增,获得不含信号肽和跨膜功能区的GP5基因片段,长度分别为121 bp和248 bp。应用酶切位点相连构建融合基因技术,将2段基因亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a(+)中,获得重组表达质粒pET-GP5。将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导后获得高效表达。免疫印迹试验证实,表达的融合蛋白能与特异性血清抗体反应,表明表达的PRRSV GP5蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。     

断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征淋巴结与脾损伤的病理学观察

对通过临床特征与PCR确诊为断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的8例自然病例进行剖检取材,常规石蜡切片与超薄切片,HE染色及醋酸铀一柠檬酸铅染色,观察了淋巴结与脾的病理学变化.肉眼观察可见淋巴结肿大,特别是腹股沟淋巴结、肠系膜淋巴结与肺门淋巴结明显肿大;脾萎缩或中度肿大.组织学观察显示,淋巴结与脾淋巴细胞坏死,数量明显减少,网状内皮细胞增生与巨噬细胞浸润,在一些网状内皮细胞与巨噬细胞的胞浆内见嗜碱性包涵体.超微结构观察显示,淋巴结与脾淋巴细胞线粒体肿胀,内质网扩张,核浓缩,边集,甚至形成凋亡小体;在巨噬细胞与网状内皮细胞核和胞浆内均可见包涵体,包涵体为大小不等,圆形、椭圆形或不规则形的均质或颗粒状2种类型,胞浆包涵体常见于肿胀的线粒体与扩张的内质网附近.表明断奶仔猪患多系统衰竭综合征可致淋巴结与脾淋巴细胞坏死、凋亡,淋巴细胞数量减少.