A Review of: “Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics,by Thomas Meyer with Lew Hinchman”

This study assesses the importance of paid advertising. Drawing from observations and interviews with ad creators and campaign managers, it describes, analyzes, and evaluates what the candidates did and why in the 1992 New Hampshire presidential primary election. Specifically, the study examines the importance of initial ads, consistency in ads, and the use of negative ads. It demonstrates that candidates flooded the airwaves with 30‐second ads, spending well in excess of overall spending limits on advertising alone. Ad innovations in 1992 were as follows: heavy New Hampshire and Boston time buying, an attack strategy against an incumbent president, an informercial to raise money, distributed videotapes, interactive video appeals, and half‐hour programs. Candidates who advertised early and stayed consistent in their imagery did better than candidates who advertised later and created multiple images and varied ads.     

Are Peripapillary Intrascleral Hemorrhages Pathognomonic for Abusive Head Trauma?*

Abstract: The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, Section on Ophthalmology, acknowledges that searching for retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in infants only in cases of suspected of abuse creates selection bias. However, they also recommend that postmortem eye removal might not be indicated “in children who have clearly died from witnessed severe accidental head trauma or otherwise readily diagnosed systemic medical conditions.” Although infrequently described in the child abuse literature, peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages (bleeding in the sclera at the optic nerve insertion)—putatively from severe repetitive acceleration/deceleration forces with or without blunt head trauma—have been considered essentially pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome). We present two neonates who sustained accidental, severe in utero head injuries and had associated extensive RHs and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages with peripapillary intrascleral hemorrhages detected at autopsy. Neither neonate had a documented clinical fundal examination in the intensive care unit.     

“They're all just little bits,aren't they”: South Australian lesbian mothers' experiences of marginalisation in primary schools

Abstract

Multiple formations of family have always been a part of Australia's social and historical landscape, yet social norms typically function to marginalise some family forms while according others a privileged status. Marginalisation on the basis of sexuality, for example, whilst arguably somewhat less prevalent than in previous decades, nonetheless continues for those families positioned outside the heteronorm. Institutions such as schools can play an important role in transforming marginalising practices, yet research such as that presented in this article suggests that schools often also perpetuate marginalisation, even if unintentionally. Drawing on interviews conducted with twenty-three lesbian mothers, this article highlights the often subtle ways in which such mothers with children in South Australian primary schools experience marginalisation by educators. Specifically, we argue that marginalisation occurs in the form of injunctions made upon lesbian mothers to inform educators about their families (and to do so in often highly normative ways), to accept that it is their role to manage discrimination, and to treat as routine the marginalisation of their families. Such findings indicate that changes still remain necessary within Australian educational practices in order to ensure the full inclusion of lesbian mother families on terms of their own making.     

贵州民族地区农村中小学数学教师专业化发展对策研究

本文应用调查法、访谈法、文献法等研究方法,对贵州民族地区农村中小学数学教师专业发展进行了调查研究。在深入调查现状的基础上,制定出符合该地区实际的对策:高等院校的引领;开展校本研究;充分发挥数学教研组在的作用;养成质疑反思的习惯;加大对教师的队伍建设和考核力度;发展民族地区农村现代远程教育等。     

Walk and Die: An Unusual Presentation of Head Injury

Abstract:  We report three deaths in young adult males following closed blunt trauma to the head and face where the affected individuals were able to walk away from the incident, before subsequently collapsing and dying a short distance from the site of the assault. In each case, due to the rapidity of the posttrauma collapse, the pathologist was faced with a diagnostic difficulty at autopsy; the external examination revealed multiple injuries to the head and face, but internal examinations showed limited findings with no structural explanation for the death. We discuss possible mechanisms that could account for this scenario, the implications of alcohol consumption with a concussive head injury, and parallels that can be drawn with the so-called "talk and die,""talk and deteriorate," and "second impact syndrome." Finally, the possible role of so-called "postexercise peril" is discussed in relation to these deaths.     

脂肪栓塞综合征的法医学研究进展

脂肪栓塞综合征（fat embolism syndrome,FES）是一种较多见而又威胁生命的临床症候。多年来,FES一直是医学界,尤其是法医学及骨科学领域研究的难点。在法医学中,FES的鉴定因缺乏典型的症状、体征,极易发生误鉴或漏鉴。本文就FES的病因、发病机理、病理学、致死机制以及FES的最新法医学诊断研究进行了回顾。     

Fatal case of Rapunzel syndrome in neglected child

Rapunzel syndrome is very extreme form of trichobezoar formation where the tail of the trichobezoar extends from the stomach into the small intestine. Death resulting from this condition is rare and is usually associated with gastric or intestinal perforation. We report a fatal case of Rapunzel syndrome in a 3 years and 10 months old girl. Review of the literature indicates that this case involves the youngest child to have died from this syndrome. Furthermore, this case is unique due to the clear association with the parent's neglect with failure to provide the child with adequate health care.     

473例艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者中医临床症状和证候分布规律初探

目的:对皖北地区艾滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者和艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者的中医临床症状和证候特点进行初步探讨.方法:采用中医临床流行病学调查方法,制定统一的临床观察表与调查方法,用Excel建立相关数据库,对症状、体征和证型的频数分布进行统计.结果:皖北地区HIV感染者和AIDS患者的感染途径主要为经血感染;临床症状以乏力、气短为最多见;HIV期以气血两亏型为最多见,AIDS期以气阴两虚、肺肾不足型,肝经风火、湿毒蕴结型,脾肾亏虚、湿邪阻滞型和气虚血瘀、邪毒壅滞型为前4位复合证型.结论:AIDS中医临床症状特征是"以虚为主,虚实夹杂,气血津液俱亏,湿毒瘀虚同在",证型特征是"复杂多变,以虚为本,多脏腑受累",病情呈现渐行性发展、渐进性加重之特点.     

挤压伤——挤压综合征的实验病理学研究

观察挤压伤后挤压综合征的发生发展过程及肾脏病理改变特点。以家兔制造挤压伤—挤压综合征的动物模型 ,取血和尿进行生化检验并应用光镜、电镜及免疫组化等方法 ,观察肾脏的形态学改变。结果显示 :(1)挤压伤后血K+和血BUN明显升高 ,血CO2 CP明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )在挤压综合征时 ,肾脏肾小球肿胀 ,肾小管上皮细胞不同程度的变性坏死 ,管腔内有以肌红蛋白为主要成分的管型 ,血BUN持续下降 ,血K+改变不明显。肾小管上皮细胞的变性坏死及肾小管内肌红蛋白管型形成可作为挤压综合征的法医病理学诊断依据之一 ,血K+升高是挤压伤后急性死亡的原因之一     

300例冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者中医证型与血脂、血糖和心脏超声结果的关系

目的 探究冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者中医证型与血脂、血糖和心脏超声诊断结果等临床指标的关系,为中医辨证客观化提供临床证据。方法 共纳入300例冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者,观察并比较不同证型患者的血糖［空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose, FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2-hour postprandial blood glucose, 2hPG）、糖基化血红蛋白A1c（glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c）］、血脂［三酰甘油（triglyceride, TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C）］、血同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine, HCY）、血C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein, CRP）及心脏超声诊断结果［（左室内径（left ventricular diameter, LVD）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF）］。结果 不同证型的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者FPG、HbA1c比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;阳虚血瘀证患者TC、TG水平最高,而气虚痰阻证患者LDL-C最高;不同证型患者2hPG、HDL-C、CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。气阴两虚证、气虚痰瘀证、阳虚血瘀证患者HCY、LVD水平依次递增,而LVEF依次递减。结论 不同证型冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂和心脏超声结果等临床指标存在一定差异。