实现程序正义的双重保障体制

近年来,学术界对"重实体,轻程序"等错误做法给予了批评,但仅停留在重视程序的非工具性价值的问题上还远远不够,应当设计出实现程序正义的法制途径,使程序正义落到实处。文章拟就国情,寻求程序正义实现的思想保障,探求程序正义实现的制度保障,完善有中国特色社会主义法律体系,促使程序正义以渐进式的、多元化的方式逐步影响我们的社会,最终成为中国的"法治"精神。     

侦查程序的性质研究

对侦查程序的性质进行研究 ,其源起的语境应当成为分析的切入点 ,并通过对其荷载历史样态存在的应然性进行解读 ,客观地探讨侦查程序所存“习惯” (行政程序性质 )的“合理性” ,窥探出侦查程序背后深藏着决定其构建体系的固有的规定性 ,追源出理论依据 ,转换侦查程序现存范式 ,超越现有“文本”的目标。     

自然法学说中“正义”观念的历史变迁

]“正义”始终是西方自然法的最高价值追求。本文从自然法发展的古代、中世纪、近代和现代历史时期中 ,找寻蕴藏其中的正义观念及其理论思维方式 ,提出自然法的正义观在历史中走过了自然本体、自然本体之异化的上帝本体、社会本体和程序本体四个不同阶段 ,并分析说明 ,当代中国法治社会可以从这种历史变迁中汲取什么。     

论行政诉讼目的的唯一性

我国现行行政诉讼法将其立法目的确定为“保证人民法院正确、及时审理行政案件 ,保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益 ,维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权。”这种立法目的的多元化使得我国行政诉讼制度的进一步健全和完善缺乏一种明确的动机和方向。通过对行政诉讼价值考量及对行政诉讼法的作用、功能和程序设计的研究 ,“保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益”应是行政诉讼的唯一目的     

The Evolving Structure of the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States: New Models for Democratic Decision-Making

Over the last two decades in the United States, mainstream environmental organizations have reduced, rather than increased, democratic participation by citizens in environmental problem-solving. The environmental justice movement, on the other hand, has served to enlarge the constituency of the environmental movement by incorporating poorer communities and oppressed people of color into environmental decision making process; build community capacity by developing campaigns and projects that address the common links between various social and environmental problems; and facilitate community empowerment by emphasizing grassroots organizing over advocacy. This paper outlines the different components in the environmental justice movement. It is our contention that if researchers and policymakers continue to conceive of the ecological crisis as a collection of unrelated problems, then it is possible that some combination of regulations, incentives, and technical innovations can keep pollution and resource destruction at tolerable levels for more affluent socioeconomic populations. However, poor working class communities and people of color which lack the political–economic resources to defend themselves will continue to suffer the worst abuses. However, if the interdependency of issues is emphasized as advocated by the environmental justice movement, then a transformative environmental politics can be invented.     

Distributive Justice and Crime

The heavy concentration of crime on a few areas, and the concentration on the chronically victimised within those areas, together illustrate the gross inequality of the risk of crime victimisation. This inequality also characterises other hazards of life. Criminology has too often reduced the problem of crime to the problem of the offender. Recognising crime hazard as an issue of distributive justice requires a different mind set. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 recognises the drivers of crime as lying outside criminal justice, but does not put in place a panhazard analysis of the kind required, community safety being presented as a type of crime prevention. Movement towards panhazard thinking may well be somewhat facilitated by the workingthrough of the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights, actions flowing from section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act, and a reconsideration of how emergency services might work.     

程序法与实体法关系的法理学评析

在实体法和程序法的关系问题上,近年在质疑和批判传统上占主流的“程序工具主义“的过程中出现的“程序至上论“、“价值补充论“、“内容决定论“等,都经不起唯物辩证法的批判性考察.“平行论“的观点是正确的,因为实体法与程序法既相互依赖、互为前提,又相互分离、相互独立,并相互渗透、相互贯通.进一步看,程序法可以弥补实体法的不足,程序问题优先于实体问题,程序应当先行.     

重塑程序意识——论程序法与实体法的关系

本文从法哲学的高度,通过对程序法与实体法在实践意义上的同一性、目的与手段的辩证关系以及程序法与实体法之间的现实性与可能性联系等三个方面的论述,阐明了程序法与实体法的关系及程序法的重要价值,并对程序法的概念作出了新的界定,提出程序法与实体法区别的相对性,程序正义包涵着无限的实体正义,程序法赋予实体法以现实的法律意义和现实的实体意义等观点。     

Questioning Appeals to Community within Crime Prevention and Control

This article casts a critical eye over some of the (often ignored) assumptions which underlie recent appeals to community in crime prevention and control. The article considers the philosophical origins, ambiguities and tensions within such appeals. In so doing, it draws explicitly upon the growth of community safety and to a lesser extent restorative justice in Britain and considers some of the implications to which this shift may give rise. In particular, it focuses upon the manner in which appeals to community converge and collide with changing social relations which may undermine their progressive potential. Specific attention is given to the implications of: increasing social and spatial dislocation; the commodification of security; and policy debates about a growing underclass. It is argued that there is much confusion as to how, and to what extent, communities can contribute to the construction of social order. Within the dynamics of community safety and crime control practices there are dangers that security differentials may become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status with implications for social exclusion. This questions the extent to which crime is an appropriate vehicle around which to (re)construct open and tolerant communities.     

质疑“程序轻微瑕疵不影响相对人合法权益”

程序轻微瑕疵是指未对相对人实体权利产生影响的程序违反。山东、湖南等省份的行政程序规定中关于＂程序轻微瑕疵不影响公民、法人或其他组织合法权益＂的说法并不准确,有忽略程序权利在合法权益范畴中地位的嫌疑,建议修改。补正制度符合行政公平与效率并重的目标模式,是程序轻微瑕疵的最优解决方案。