德国民事诉讼法的历史嬗变

大陆法系国家的民事诉讼法或多或少都受到过德国民事诉讼法影响,统一的德国《民事诉讼法》制订于1877年,至今仍在适用;然而,德国民事诉讼法自身的形成经历了漫长的过程,在制定以后也进行了多次修改。按照时间的顺序梳理德国民事诉讼法的历史渊源和法律继受,可以从它发展演变和不断改革的过程中发现德国民事诉讼法具有旺盛生命力和蓬勃生机的原因,可对我国的民事诉讼法修订有所启发。     

刑事速裁程序的羁押问题分析

两年的试点期内,刑事速裁程序在缓解"案多人少"的矛盾中发挥了巨大的作用。但经过实践的检验,速裁程序在宏观的制度建构上较为粗放,在微观的实践运行中存在诸多阻碍。其中羁押问题较为突出,成为这一制度发展的瓶颈。从速裁程序的运行状况来看,羁押问题主要从实体和程序两个角度对速裁程序产生了影响。羁押问题难以解决的深层次原因分别是司法理念问题、程序建构粗放以及程序简化不足。鉴于此,速裁程序需要转变司法理念、控制羁押适用、构建审前联动机制、完善非羁押性替代措施以及改革考核体系,从而构建速裁程序的羁押新格局。     

Location Efficiency and Mortgage Risks for Low-Income Households

Abstract

Household energy expenditures, especially for transportation, are fairly inelastic. Their effects on low-income households may be significant, due to the potential for energy consumption to displace other types of consumption when energy prices rise. Using accessibility as a proxy for lower transportation costs, we test the hypothesis that low- and moderate-income residents are less likely default when they are located in more accessible places. We find that regional accessibility has almost no effect on risks of default, but local job diversity has moderate mitigating effect.     

A systematic review on the relationship between self-esteem and interrogative suggestibility

Some factors, such as age, learning disability and mental health difficulties, have been identified as making police suspects more vulnerable to suggestibility and false confessions during interview. However, there has been no systematic review on the association between self-esteem and suggestibility. Seven electronic bibliographic databases and reference lists of previous literature reviews of suggestibility in children were searched. Selected studies were quality assessed using pre-defined criteria before data were extracted. Electronic searches yielded 1914 hits. Of these, 685 duplicates, 1181 irrelevant references and 39 references that did not meet the inclusion criteria were removed. Nine publications were included in the review. Significant correlations between self-esteem and suggestibility, most notably on the Yield 1 subscale of the GSS, were found but four of the nine studies found no significant correlation. The prevalent use of self-report measures and lack of clarity in defining self-esteem limit the validity of those studies.     

The emperor has no clothes: A systemic view of the status and future of child custody evaluation (CCE)

For all of the time, effort, and money invested in child custody evaluation (CCE) and for all of evaluators' emphases on collecting empirically sound data, CCE is not itself an empirically robust process. The reliability, validity, efficacy, and efficiency of CCE has never yet been adequately demonstrated. The science has yet even to define and measure the variables that constitute a healthy family, much less how one is to measure and recommend changes for conflicted systems in the midst of tectonic transitions. This article proposes five ways in which family law professionals and the culture at large should work to better serve the needs of our children: (1) the establishment of proactive parenting and co-parenting education intended to diminish the frequency and magnitude of family conflict and improve the quality of child and family functioning; (2) the introduction of organized incentives that motivate healthy parenting and co-parenting practices as opposed to negative consequences that do too-little, too-late; (3) a greater emphasis on social equity, cultural humility, and universal professional training; (4) the creation of ethical guidelines that disconnect continuing conflict from professional income; and (5) outcome research that feeds back into the evolution of these and related processes.     

关于传闻证据规则可采性的思考

传闻证据规则是英美法系证据法中一个十分重要的证据规则。它是采取刑事诉讼对抗制模式和陪审团制度的产物,随着司法实践的不断复杂化,传闻证据规则例外的情形也变得繁多和复杂,传闻证据规则运用的空间变小了。引进传闻证据规则意味着否定我国的传来证据规则,同时,英美的传闻证据规则与我国的刑事诉讼程序背号和诉讼模式不相适应,所以,我国不宜引进英美法系的传闻证据规则。     

论刑事诉讼程序启动的控制

刑事诉讼程序的启动是前承社会日常生活、后启刑事诉讼活动的桥梁。刑事诉讼程序启动的控制有几种不同的类型。我国刑事诉讼程序的启动是警察控制型,存在诸多缺陷。实行检警一体化是刑事诉讼程序启动的理想图景,而增强检察机关的立案监督是这一制度完善的现实途径。     

行政公益诉讼启动程序

一、行政公益诉讼启动程序的模式选择 如何启动行政公益诉讼程序,世界各国有不同的做法。根据公民提起诉讼要不要先经过有关机关审查为标准,可分为“直接起诉”和“前置审查起诉”。大陆法系国家多采用直接起诉模式,但对于直接起诉的具体操作机制,也有不同的规定。德国的宪法诉讼规定,任何公民,只要以为某项法律侵犯了宪法保障的权利,无论侵权案件是否发生．也不论是否涉及到本人的利益,都能提起这种诉讼。日本《地方自治法》规定了居民诉讼,但要求须先向检察委员会提出检察请求,对于检察委员会及公共团体的对应措施仍然不服,才可以提起居民诉讼。未提起检察请求者,可以参加诉讼,但不能成为原告。     

外国假释决定模式与程序介评

由于法律传统的差异,不同法系的国家对假释权性质及归属的认识存在不同的观点．并由此形成了三种不同的假释决定模式。从应然和理性的角度说,假释权应属于一种行政权．由狱政部门或其隶属的独立的假释委员会行使。国外的假释决定程序一般包括假释的申请、建议的审查、假释审理或听证、作出假释决定、对假释决定的救济和监督等程序。