论侦查程序中的宽严相济刑事政策

宽严相济的刑事政策对于实现刑事诉讼的目的,保障侦查机关依法行使职权,保障犯罪嫌疑人、被害人的合法权益和节约侦查资源、提高侦查效率具有重要的意义。由于对宽严相济的刑事政策存在认识上的偏差,在侦查活动中存在滥用羁押性强制措施,侦查模式、手段落后,过于依赖犯罪嫌疑人的口供,犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益没有得到有力的保障等问题。侦查机关应当转变观念,提高侦查水平,适度采用强制措施,充分保障犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益,完善案件处理方式,加强侦查监督,以更好地贯彻落实宽严相济刑事政策。     

Misappropriation of Institutions: Some Lessons from the Environmental Dimension of the NAFTA Investor-State Dispute Settlement Process

Trade regimes at all levels have confronted the dual challenge of rapidly expanding foreign direct investment, and the vigorous growth of international environmental regimes. Attempts to develop a global investment regime have encountered resistance, not least from environmental interests. At the same time, regional trade regimes have sought to address both the environmental and the investment agenda but in a very different manner. This article looks at problems encountered with the investor-state dispute settlement process established by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The institutional dimension of this process is largely drawn from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and existing international institutions for commercial arbitration. The article traces some of the difficulties encountered in attempting to use institutions designed for a specific purpose and implemented in one organizational context, to achieve a different purpose in another organizational context. It discusses the problems that arise when institutions appropriate for settling commercial disputes between private actors are used as the basis for balancing private interests and public goods, the environment in particular. It highlights the importance of a more developed understanding of the interplay between institutions and organizations at the international level so as to avoid undesired outcomes.     

我国职业足球运动员的劳动者地位和劳动法保护

职业足球运动员虽然与职业足球俱乐部具有劳动关系的属性,但在人力资源上具有不同于一般劳动者的特征,作为劳动法中的特殊劳动者,应当纳入劳动法的保护范围。基于职业足球运动员劳动权益保护的特殊需求,劳动法在实体法上应当对职业足球运动员的就业自由权、工资收入、工伤赔偿、工会组织等问题作出特别规定;在程序法上应当将职业足球运动员与职业足球俱乐部的劳动争议纳入劳动争议处理程序,并就其劳动争议处理体制作出特殊设计。     

民事判决的既判力客观范围

既判力理论是民事诉讼法学界备受关注的问题,尤其是关于既判力的客观范围,在学者之间以及司法实务中争议颇多。20世纪90年代中期以后,既判力客观范围问题在我国日益得到学者和司法界的重视。但由于我国对既判力客观范围研究起步较晚,对此问题仍需要深入研究,因此,从理论和实践两个方面对既判力客观范围以及与之相关的几个问题进行探悉,可以探讨一些我国处理既判力客观范围问题的可行性方案。     

国有大中型企业劳动争议问题浅析

劳动争议是劳动关系不协调的反映,而劳动关系是构建和谐企业的关键,要构建和谐企业乃至和谐社会,就必须重视并处理好劳动争议问题。采取合理、合法的预防和处理措施,及时有效地处理各种劳动争议问题。     

Electoral Reforms and Peace Duration Following Negotiated Settlements

One of the most common features found within peace agreements is provisions that call for post-civil war elections. Unfortunately, the initial post-war elections often increase the risk of civil war recurrence. While past research has consistently confirmed this finding, it focuses only on one element of the democracy. Rather than focusing solely on elections, this article examines the laws surrounding the electoral process. Specifically, I examine how changes in electoral laws that are called for in peace agreements impacts the risk of renewed civil war. Building on research that examines the context of post-civil war elections, I argue that reforms to electoral laws that precede the initial post-war election substantially reduce the risks associated with that election. This proposition is supported with evidence from survival models of peace failures following the establishment of comprehensive peace agreements from 1989 to 2010, demonstrating that electoral reforms reduce the risk of civil war recurrence.     

德国集体合同制度及其纠纷解决机制

德国集体合同制度已经有近百年的历史了,至今已形成了较为完备的集体合同法律体系以及相应的集体合同制度。完善的立法不但保障了集体合同当事人的合法权益,也促进了劳资关系的良性发展。劳动法院是解决集体劳动合同纠纷最主要的机关,劳动法院通过正确适用和解释法律,保障集体劳动合同纠纷得以公正地解决。     

刑事诉讼渎职行为及其刑法规制

有案不立,立而不查、查而不破,阻碍律师会见,无充足理由拒绝办理取保候审,强迫认罪认罚,滥用抗诉权,随意否定律师有理辩护且不在判决书中说明具体理由的行为,破坏了我国刑事诉讼秩序,侵害了犯罪嫌疑人、被告人"获得有效辩护"的法益,具有明显的社会危害性和刑事违法性。我国制定了大量规范性文件但治理乏力,需要启动刑罚手段才可能有效遏制。通过解释途径将此类行为入罪化。     

Faith and Settlement Partnerships: Perspectives of Community Stakeholders

Abstract

This article explores partnerships between faith groups and government-funded immigrant settlement services. It does so by reporting on perspectives of community stakeholders through a survey across four communities in Ontario, Canada. Survey results demonstrate that the existence, benefits, and challenges of faith and settlement partnerships are recognized by settlement workers, faith leaders, and other stakeholders. Yet the results also indicate that more could be done to strengthen partnerships so that they lead to better settlement outcomes. The article discusses five key actions for strengthening partnerships: sharing stories, exploring differences, enabling a cultural shift, conducting advocacy, and formalizing partnerships.     

论中国如何利用《联合国海洋法公约》有拘束力争端解决制度

有拘束力争端解决制度是《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决制度的第二步．穷尽第一步即争端方通过自身努力用和平方式解决争端，或依靠外力如斡旋、和解、仲裁等之后才能适用。谊制度适用于南海争端。中国应在南沙群岛划定领海基线，运用跳出机制，申请临时措施，要求船员或船只迅速释放。依靠“历史性权利”声索海域权利等方面更好地利用有拘束力争端解决制度。