试论适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任分配

长期以来,适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任如何分配众说纷纭。但是,学界一直尚未有从证明责任基本理论角度专门探讨该问题的文章。笔者试从基本理论出发探讨了适用无过错责任原则的侵权案件中的证明责任的分配原则,据此对我国相关立法规定提出了质疑和合理化建议,深入探求了因果关系推定时的证明责任归属,主张高度危险作业致人损害的侵权诉讼以及饲养动物致人损害的侵权诉讼中对因果关系不存在的证明责任应当由加害人承担。     

书证提出命令制度的泛化适用与价值平衡——兼评新《民事证据规定》第47条

新《民事证据规定》第47条细化书证提出命令制度的适用范围，以期达到书证提出命令发现案件真实和追求实质平等的制度宗旨。但是限制性规定的缺位，以及明确将涉及国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私等特定内容之书证纳入制度的调整视域，直接造成书证提出命令制度的泛化适用，侵犯公民和法律特别珍视的特定利益，引发非理性的利益冲突与价值失衡。基于此，理当在坚持书证提出命令一般性适用之前提下，规定必要的除外事由，适当限缩其适用范围，并以严格限制下的秘密审查程序为补充，查明除外事由的存在，以更妥善的制度安排寻求发现真实与特定利益冲突之间的价值平衡。     

Food Import Dependency in Cuba: Still the ‘Achilles’ Heel of the Revolution'?

The ‘Special Period in Peacetime’ plunged Cuba into an austerity programme of great severity. The crisis forced agriculture to shift dramatically from a model based on trade dependency (sugar exports providing most of the foreign currency) to one prioritising food import substitution. This alternative brought about major transformations in the country's agriculture. It revolutionised food production and decentralised land ownership. This article asks whether or not these changes reduced food dependency in Cuba. It provides an updated picture of Cuba's food import dependency, with a particular emphasis on the increased role of small farmers in food production during the 2000s.     

通讯企业劳务用工管理探析

通讯企业用工形式多样,劳务用工是其当前主要的用工形式之一。这种用工形式一方面为企业减少了人工成本的支出,提高了人员管理效率,另一方面也给企业带来了一定的法律风险。如何完善劳务用工机制,避免不必要的劳动纠纷,使劳务派遣人员的既得利益不受到损害,促进企业健康发展,是通讯企业亟待解决的问题。     

Signs and Images——Two Dimensions about the Relation between Language and Picture

With the problems of ‘the predication of literature termination’ and ‘the image times’, the relation of language and picture is the foundation to talk about the ‘picture theory of literature’. From the dimension of signs, language is real reference and picture is phantom reference. Because the signs themselves have predetermined standards as referred concept or meaning. But from the dimension of image, picture is a real presentation and language is phantom presentation, because of the image-consciousness as a perceptual intuition. The two dimensions, as sign or image, are inseparable showing the characters of language and picture and bringing in the deep integration between them.     

试探基层工会改革的基本思路及内容

基层工会是我国工会体系的组织基础,是承载工会工作的基本单元。当前基层工会组织孱弱,不能适应市场经济条件下新型劳动关系的发展变化,严重制约了中国工会整体效能的发挥。作为维护工人利益的群众组织,中国工会应加快推进基层工会建设,从基层工会组织结构、利益表达和维护机制等方面进行改革,以实现新形势下的工会转型。     

浅谈思想文化如何融入生产经营

思想文化工作是国有企业独特的政治优势,也是国有企业核心竞争力的重要组成部分。能否克服思想文化与生产经营"两张皮"的现象,较好地解决"融入"问题,是思想政治工作者经常遇到和需要认真研究的问题。思想文化工作要更好地融入基层、进入生产,就必须在想融入、能融入、会融入、巧融入上下功夫。只有发挥党群工作的优势,才能提高思想文化对生产经营的贡献度,也才能实现思想文化工作与生产经营的双赢。     

和谐共赢视阈下的油地合作问题与对策——以胜利油田为例

油地合作,是区域经济社会发展的重要支撑。建设城市油田和建设油田城市成为石油企业和地方政府必须面对的问题。解决好这些问题,是打造全国典范城市油田、油田城市的重要抓手。石油企业和地方政府要以共赢发展为根本,以城市提档升级、油气生产持续稳定为目的,以顶层设计、统筹规划、加深合作为途径,打造集约紧凑、绿色低碳、和谐宜居、富有特色的现代化油城,打造高效生态、充满活力、持续稳产、后劲充足的城市油田。     

公共服务领域内政府与社会组织的关系构建——基于博弈论研究的视角

国家与社会的现实关系在很大程度上反映着一个国家的治理水平。在公共服务领域,政府与社会组织之间的关系构建是一个重要的研究内容。在我国社会快速转型和变迁的背景下,构建中国式的政府与社会组织之间的关系显得更加迫切。文章运用博弈的视角,梳理了政府与社会组织关系的理论发展脉络,提出了变和博弈理念下我国政府与社会组织的关系——竞争与合作的关系,是中国式政府与社会关系发展的必然。最后,文章总结,在公共服务领域内,竞争与合作的关系模式必须通过构建政府与社会组织之间的信任机制、合作机制,同时,通过一系列制度化的发展才能够得以实现,最终发挥政府与社会组织在公共服务领域内的重要作用。     

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Jeweler Following a Hold‐up: Forensic Considerations

The authors present a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) following physical assault. In France, public prosecutor orders a medicolegal assessment after an assault for all living victims. Medicolegal assessment aims to establish a causal relation between an aggression and the injury sustained. An 80‐year‐old jeweler was the victim of assault, restraint and confinement during the hold‐up of his jewelry store. After the event, he experienced constrictive chest pain with a sensation of oppression. Transthoracic echography showed apical and middle wall akinesis with apical ballooning pattern. In this case, the experts reasonably accepted that there was a direct, certain, and exclusive causal relation between the aggression and the cardiomyopathy. Forensic specialists should be aware of TTC because it is a frequent complication of stress situations and its incidence in forensic cases is probably underestimated.