State-led bricolage and the extension of collective governance: Hybridity in the Swiss skill formation system

This paper explores the extension of collective governance to sectors without collective governance tradition. We introduce the concept of state-led bricolage to analyze the expansion of the Swiss apprenticeship training system – in which employer associations fulfill core collective governance tasks – to economic sectors in which training had previously followed a school-based and state-oriented logic. In deindustrializing societies, these sectors are key for the survival of collectively governed training systems. Through a mixed-methods analysis, we examine the reform process that led to the creation of new intermediary organizations that enable collective governance in these sectors. In addition, we compare the organizational features of these organizations with the respective organizations in the traditional crafts and industry sectors. We find that the new organizations result from state-led bricolage. They are hybrid organizations that reflect some of the bricoleur's core policy goals and critically build on the combination of associational and state-oriented institutional logics.     

台湾地区检察官制度面临的几个问题

检警关系、检法关系、内部体制等问题是当前我国台湾地区检察官制度所面临的基本问题.检警关系中,检察官有权无能;检法关系中,检察官很难适应强制处分权的丧失,对法院并无实质的监督;内部体制上,一体化办案与检察独立的矛盾突出,泛政治化的影响造成了检察官独立办案的危机.因此,法律必须明确检察官的制度功能,实现检察官法律保护人的职能.