摆脱司法困境: 司法内在化解维度探析

在现实司法中,外部的干扰与内在的缺陷使能动司法与善意司法面临一种困境.摆脱困境,需要能动司法与善意司法的嵌入与融合：善意司法表现在司法动机、目的、行为等方面,能动司法表现在司法解释、司法参与、司法矫正等方面.因此,只有以善意适法、公平正义为目标改善司法形象,以能力提升、能动司法为目标提高司法水平,以尊重良俗、德法互济为目标完善司法机制,提升司法公信力,使司法成为法治前行的力量,才能实现法治对司法进步的期待.     

Moral Reasoning and the Use of Procedural Justice Rules in Hypothetical and Real-Life Dilemmas

The use of Leventhal's procedural justice rules in moral judgments was examined (1) in the match examples of the Colby and Kohlberg moral judgment interview manual (Study 1), (2) in hypothetical dilemmas given to a sample of 41 participants in professional ethics classes, and (3) in the real-life moral dilemmas produced by this sample (Study 2). Consistent support was found for the hypothesis that bias suppression is used more frequently at the higher moral reasoning stages. A higher number of justice rules were employed in solving a real-life than hypothetical moral problem, and most procedural justice rules were used more frequently in the real-life dilemma.     

我国公务员录用制度的困境

公务员录用机制是我国公务员制度的重要组成部分。目前,我国公务员录用机制中存在五种困境。可以尝试以对职位进行科学化与动态化的分析,在"专才"基础上选拔"通才",减少在录用过程对道德的过度关注,对意识形态的知识性考查转向实践性考查,完善防弊措施等途径来化解。     

The Chocolate Conundrum: A Simple Simulation of a Canonical Management Problem

This article describes an exercise that simulates one of the most famous of all human management problems: the “tragedy of the commons.” Coined by Garret Hardin in 1968, the term refers to any situation in which people acting rationally to meet their individual interests wind up depleting a shared resource to the detriment of all participants. Because these patterns arise in many real‐world situations — from global warming and natural resource management to free‐rider problems in markets and organizations — this exercise may interest a broad range of negotiation scholars, teachers, and practitioners. The Chocolate Conundrum is a simple exercise that uses candy to demonstrate the tension between individual and collective interests that arises in all social dilemmas. Because these dynamics also arise in many real situations, the exercise can be a powerful teaching tool for instructors in management, public policy, sociology, economics, and many other social science disciplines. Unlike some other simulations of collective action problems, this exercise is simple to administer, requires no computation or tallying of results, and works with a broad range of audiences and group sizes.     

“受众”视阈下榜样传播面临的困境与对策

榜样传播历来是党的宣传工作的光荣传统和有效方法,也是我党的重要政治优势。本文试图从"受众"视角出发,探寻当下榜样在宣传传播过程中面临的现实困境,并积极寻求有效对策,以推动榜样宣传工作的科学化和实效化。     

论中国共产党三代杰出领导核心的产生及历史地位

如何正确认识我们党历史发展过程中产生三代杰出领导核心这一历史现象,是深刻把握现代中国政治运行特点和规律不能不进行深入研究的一个重大的理论和实践问题。当前应格外珍惜和自觉维护第三代杰出领导核心的权威。     

新生代农民工角色认同的困境及其消解

在城市融入过程中,农民工的角色没有得到强力的各项政策的支持,出现角色认同的困境。本文分析了新生代农民工的角色认同困境,并认为,各项配套政策的制定和落实、农民工称谓的弱化、文化建设与价值引导、个体心理调适等是消解困境的措施。     

试论医疗机构及其医务人员的伦理困境与法律对策——以法定医疗伦理损害责任为背景

在医疗伦理损害责任背景下,医疗机构及其医务人员在具体履行医疗告知义务时、患者(特定情况下其近亲属)知情不同意时、以及面临具体法之局限性时,常常陷于对患者的知情权、生命健康权、自主决定权、乃至自身的法律责任风险进行个人抉择的伦理困境。尽管导致伦理困境的原因是多方面的,但从法律视角来看,制定明确、规范的医疗伦理行为指引,建立解决医疗伦理困境的常设机构,健全医疗风险规避、医疗社会保障和医疗伦理督察制度,应是现实可行的应对之策。     

《禁止核武器条约》之困境及出路

2021年1月22日起生效的《禁止核武器条约》致力于在全球范围内禁止核武器的拥有、研发、储存、转移、试验、使用或是威胁使用等行为,从而将核武器完全非法化。尽管《禁止核武器条约》反映了人道主义的关怀和无核世界的愿景,但该条约无论是在理论层面还是在现实层面都面临着不小的困境。从理论上看,《禁止核武器条约》以确立禁核规范来推动国际社会所有成员国弃核的逻辑基础并不牢固,因为规范可能退化甚至被颠覆,未必能够对国家产生强有力的约束。在现实层面,《禁止核武器条约》则因为全盘否定核威慑的重要性而遭到拥有核武器国家及其盟国的联合抵制,并暴露出该条约忽视部分国家的安全关切、损害国家自卫权利以及忽略裁军核查机制等不足。鉴于国际社会围绕《禁止核武器条约》产生了诸多争议,未来,该条约还是应当落脚到分步骤、渐进式的核裁军路线上来,需要在提供安全保证、区分禁核情形、建立核查机构,以及加强与不扩散国际机制兼容等方面进行完善,以促进当前核不扩散国际机制的改革和推动陷入停滞的核裁军进程的持续进行。     

理论缺陷与实践困窘--刑罚个别预防论批判

个别预防论具有其理论缺陷与实践困窘.其理论缺陷在于它因否定刑罚的报应性而有失公正,因对一般预防的忽视而有失功利,因自相矛盾与以偏概全而不合逻辑;其实践困窘在于其以对人身危险性的预测为出发点,而人身危险性无法预测,因此,其不具有在实践中贯彻的可行性.