Quantitative Analysis of the DNA Distribution on Cigarette Butt Filter Paper*

The distribution of DNA on the filter paper of smoked cigarette butts was quantitatively mapped using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The filter papers from smoked cigarette butts collected from indoor and outdoor sources were sliced into equal pieces and the amount of DNA on each slice was determined. This study found that the cigarette butt filter papers sliced parallel to the seam of the cigarette had more uniformly distributed DNA on the slices and in most cases, there was enough DNA on each slice to obtain a complete DNA profile. The perpendicular slices had a less uniform pattern of distribution and some slices did not have enough DNA to obtain an interpretable DNA profile. Cigarette butts found indoors also had more DNA per cigarette on average than cigarette butts found outdoors.     

硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的比较

目的比较和探讨硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集40例温州医科大学法医学系2010—2011年受理并证实溺死的鉴定案件,每例案件标本包括肺、肾、肝及现场水样4份样本,分别运用硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法对标本进行检验,硅藻硝酸消化法和浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法所需各器官检材量分别为约20g和2g,现场水样分别为15mL和1.5mL,从所需检验时间以及检出率等方面进行比较分析。结果硅藻硝酸消化法检出硅藻主要为中心硅藻纲和羽纹硅藻纲,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法可扩增出一条162 bp的条带。平均检验每例案件所需的检验时间,硅藻硝酸消化法为(95.30±2.78)min,少于浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法(325.33±14.18)min(P0.05)。两种方法对现场水样及肺样本的检出率均为100%,而对肝及肾样本的检出率,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法均为80%,高于硅藻硝酸消化法40%和30%(P0.05)。结论在溺死的法医学鉴定中,应根据具体情况来挑选合适的实验室检验方法。与硅藻硝酸消化法相比,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法具有检材用量少、信息量大、特异性高等特点,有一定的推广和实践价值。     

社会中介组织在政府危机管理中的作用

发挥社会中介组织在危机管理中的作用,建立政府主导、社会多元参与的危机管理格局,是有效应对危机的必然趋势。社会中介组织在应急信息管理、应急反应、危机信息披露和恢复社会生活等方面都可以大有作为,善用社会中介组织的力量,可以弥补政府在危机管理中的不足。     

PCR检测鸡毒霉形体和鸡滑液囊霉形体的研究

根据禽霉形体 16SrRNA的基因序列设计、合成了 1对引物 ,用这对引物对鸡毒霉形体 (Mycoplasmagallisep ticum ,MG)和鸡滑液囊霉形体 (Mycoplasmasynoviae ,MS)菌株DNA进行PCR扩增 ,得到了与预期大小相一致的约 5 80bp的PCR产物 ,而这对引物对其他禽病病原DNA或RNA模板的扩增结果为阴性。PCR方法对MG和MS的最小检出量分别为 2 pg和 3pg。应用已建立的PCR方法检测MG人工感染样品和临床样品 ,从人工感染样品中均检测到MG ,临床样品的MG阳性检出率为 10 .2 5 % ,高于常规分离培养的阳性检出率     

小鼠皮肤切创细胞因子的基因表达变化及其与损伤时间关系

目的 观察细胞因子在小鼠皮肤切创组织不同时间的基因表达变化及其与损伤时间的关系。方法用免疫组织化学染色法和RT-PCR法,检测小鼠皮肤切创组织中不同时间的白细胞介素-1α和-1β(IL-1α、-1βB),以及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、吞噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α和-2(MIP-1α、-2)的基因表达变化。结果 皮肤切创后在早期可诱导IL-1α和IL-1β的基因表达,6h达第一次高峰,24h下降,第3d再次出现高峰后,第6d下降至正常水平;而MCP-1、MIP-1α和MIP-2则在损伤后6h左右开始出现,3d达高峰,然后呈下降趋势。在这些被检因子中,以IL-1α、IL-1β、MIP-1α和MIP-2的变化幅度较大,而MCP-1的变化相对较小。结论 切创组织中IL-1α、-1β和MCP-1,以及MIP-1α、-2的基因表达随伤后不同时间呈现一定规律性变化;同时对同一组织多种细胞因子检查推测损伤时间完全可行。     

片区联动：农村派出所警务改革新尝试

派出所是公安机关打击违法犯罪的前哨阵地,经济不发达地区派出所警力的不足严重制约了日常警务工作的开展。将若干相邻派出所组合成一个片区,在明确职责、完善制度和考核机制的基础上,片区内各派出所在处置重大紧急警务活动中做到快速反应,整体联动,充分利用了现有警力资源,形成了维护稳定的整体合力和拳头效应。     

司法信息及时公开原则及其实现机制

最高人民法院《关于切实践行司法为民大力加强公正司法不断提高司法公信力的若干意见》要求"从有利于强化社会对审判工作的监督,有利于提高审判工作的社会公信力出发,对审判公开的范围、内容、对象、时间、程序、方式等作出明确规定,稳妥有序地推进司法公开,坚持不懈地提高司法透明度,逐步完善司法公开的制度机制。"司法公开的时机是司法公开机制的重要内容。司法公开的时机应当遵循尽快公开和适时公开原则。针对不同的公开内容和对象,公开的时机应当不同。立法应当明确规定对公众、当事人、人民陪审员、听证公开中对听证参与者和旁听人员等对象公开司法信息的具体时间。     

Separation and Detection of Smokeless Powder Additives by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS),

A reversed phase gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of smokeless powders. A total of 20 different components were separated by UPLC and detected by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. These compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. Simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) was used along with negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to detect all compounds in a single analysis. Analysis times were under 8 min with a gradient of 10–73% organic at a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min. With this method, ultraviolet and MRM limits of detection ranging from 0.08 to 2.6 ng and 0.4–64 ng injected were achieved. Commercially available smokeless powders were also extracted with methylene chloride and characterized using the developed UPLC/MS/MS method. The procedure permits the determination of compositional differences between different brands as well as lot‐to‐lot variations.     

Anaphylaxis After the Injection of Buprenorphine

Cause of death rulings in cases when the concentration of a drug or drugs is higher than observed following therapeutic use are generally straightforward “drug deaths.” However, when toxicology testing identifies drug concentrations consistent with therapeutic use or detects no drugs at all, then the cause of death determination is more complicated. Given the rapidity and protean manifestations of anaphylaxis, it should be considered in deaths where no other cause of death is apparent in a suspected drug death. This article reports two cases where an anaphylactic reaction was observed following either the actual or alleged use of therapeutic formulations of buprenorphine intravenously.