行政法视角的警察临战

本文从警察临战行政管理出发,借助对警察临战行政权的剖析,揭示了警察临战行政法规的渊源和构建线索,即临战前的行政立法、临战中的行政程序和临战后的行政救济。     

刑法视域下的群体性事件研究综述

在群体性事件中因人群大量聚集极易伴生聚众型犯罪、侵犯财产和伤害人身的犯罪以及其他犯罪,刑法学从群体性事件概念、类型、特征和社会危害性等方面进行考察,为关于群体性事件的刑事政策的制定,刑法规制群体性事件的基本原则的设定以及处置群体性事件的司法实务提供理论和实证上的支持,最终为群体性事件的理性、规范和法治处置做出应有的贡献。     

142例过敏性休克死亡法医病理学分析

目的 探讨过敏性休克死亡案例的特点.方法 对142例过敏性休克死亡案例进行回顾性分析,并对过敏性休克死亡案例与62例非过敏性休克死亡案例的血清IgE水平进行统计分析.结果 过敏性休克死亡大多发生于医疗机构,占77.46％.采用单纯静脉给药方式致过敏性休克死亡案例占53.53％.β-内酰胺类抗生素、糖皮质激素类药物、中药制剂在过敏性休克死亡案例生前治疗药物中占有重要比例.过敏性休克死亡案例多无特异性组织病理学改变,与非过敏性休克死亡组的血清IgE水平的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 过敏性休克死亡案例死因鉴定应根据案情、解剖检验结果及血清IgE水平等检测指标进行综合分析判定.     

CMD命令执行记录调查方法研究

作为计算机犯罪侦查中重要的证据与线索来源,CMD命令执行记录在揭示犯罪分子行为细节方面发挥着重要作用。本文在详细分析CMD命令执行记录于内存中的数据存储结构基础上,着重说明基于Win-dows操作系统内存转储文件的历史记录重建方法,并对过程中涉及到的具体技术与注意事项予以阐述。     

Evaluation of Postmortem Bacterial Migration Using Culturing and Real‐Time Quantitative PCR

Postmortem bacteriology can be a valuable tool for evaluating deaths due to bacterial infection or for researching the involvement of bacteria in various diseases. In this study, time‐dependent postmortem bacterial migration into liver, mesenteric lymph node, pericardial fluid, portal, and peripheral vein was analyzed in 33 autopsy cases by bacterial culturing and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). None suffered or died from bacterial infection. According to culturing, pericardial fluid and liver were the most sterile samples up to 5 days postmortem. In these samples, multigrowth and staphylococci were not or rarely detected. RT‐qPCR was more sensitive and showed higher bacterial positivity in all samples. Relative amounts of intestinal bacterial DNA (bifidobacteria, bacteroides, enterobacter, clostridia) increased with time. Sterility of blood samples was low during the studied time periods (1–7 days). The best postmortem microbiological sampling sites were pericardial fluid and liver up to 5 days after death.     

Qiagen's Investigator™ Quantiplex Kit as a Predictor of STR Amplification Success from Low‐Yield DNA Samples,

Qiagen's Investigator? Quantiplex kit, a total human DNA quantitation kit, has a 200‐base pair internal control, fast cycling time, and scorpion molecules containing a covalently linked primer, probe, fluorophore, and quencher. The Investigator? Quantiplex kit was evaluated to investigate a value under which complete short tandem repeat (STR) failure was consistently obtained. Buccal swabs were extracted using the Qiagen QIAamp^® DNA Blood Mini Kit, quantified with the Investigator? Quantiplex kit using a tested half‐volume reaction, amplified with the ABI AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler kit, separated on the 3100Avant Genetic Analyzer, and data analyzed with GeneMapper^® ID v.3.2. While undetected samples were unlikely to produce sufficient data for statistical calculations or CODIS upload (2.00 alleles and 0.82 complete loci on average), data may be useful for exclusionary purposes. Thus, the Investigator? Quantiplex kit may be useful for predicting STR success. These findings are comparable with previously reported data from the Quantifiler? Human kit.     

A 27‐Locus STR Assay to Meet All United States and European Law Enforcement Agency Standards,

Different national and international agencies have selected specific STR sets for forensic database use. To enhance database comparison across national and international borders, a 27‐locus multiplex system was developed comprising all 15 STR loci of the European standard set, the current 13 STR loci of the CODIS core, the proposed 22 STR loci of the expanded CODIS core, 4 additional commonly used STR loci, and the amelogenin locus. Development required iterative primer design to resolve primer‐related artifacts, amplicon sizing, and locus‐to‐locus balance issues. The 19.5‐min assay incorporated newly developed six‐dye chemistry analyzed using a novel microfluidic electrophoresis instrument capable of simultaneous detection and discrimination of 8 or more fluorescent dyes. The 27‐locus multiplex offers the potential for a new international STR standard permitting laboratories in any jurisdiction to use a single reaction to determine profiles for loci they typically generate plus an expanded common STR profiling set of global interest.     

Medicolegal assessment of blood transfusion errors--an interdisciplinary challenge

Given a current total incidence of erroneously administered blood transfusions of 1:12,000-1:36,000 (AB0 incompatible 1:38,000), the percentage of lethal outcomes ranges between 2 and 5%; i.e. the sole fact of an erroneous transfusion does not mandatorily result in a causal connection with lethal outcome, which can give rise to problems in the medicolegal assessment. We report on the conception and results of a novel interdisciplinary approach to assess the lethal significance of blood transfusion errors. Besides autopsy, histological investigation and immunohistochemical detection of AB0 incompatible foreign red blood cells in autopsy specimens, transfusion medicine investigations offer the opportunity to assess several immunohaematologic features. We assessed the immunohaematologic gel card ("microcolumn") technique for suitability in the forensic assessment of an AB0 incompatible transfusion incident in a septic patient, who had had no history of previous blood transfusions, with lethal outcome. After such an erroneous transfusion had been simulated in vitro, pre-transfusion and cadaver patient blood samples (p.m. interval: 3 days) were analysed. Amongst other things, IgG-loaded erythrocytes were detected in pre- and post-transfusion samples; the presence of irregular antibodies directed against blood group antigens and anti-A or anti-B isoagglutinins, respectively, especially in the pre-transfusion sample was ruled out. Besides the demonstration of AB0 incompatible red blood cells in the cadaver blood sample, blood group incompatibilities other than AB0 were excluded. With regard to the cause of death, in synopsis with autopsy findings and clinical symptoms, the results did not allow for a final discrimination between the impact of the pre-existing septic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis, respectively, and potential lethal effects of a (haemolytic) transfusion reaction. Besides pre- and post-transfusion compatibility testing in clinical transfusion medicine as required by German National Guidelines, the reported immunohaematologic investigations offer an important supportive tool for the forensic assessment of lethal erroneous transfusions and investigation of blood samples of survivors of transfusion incidents as well. Besides established morphological techniques, they allow for a certain evaluation of the pathophysiological impact of transfusion incidents as well as a diversified assessment of immunohaematologic features beyond the AB0 system.