Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology After Shotgun Injury to the Brain

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was initially conceptualized in boxers, but has extended to other athletes in recent years, albeit with limited clinical correlations. It is often asserted that CTE pathology represents the substrate for progressive neurodegenerative disease. We report the case of a shotgun injury to the brain with 42‐year survival and no neurological disease progression until shortly before death. The decedent had no other traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure and did not play football or other high energy collision sport. Neuropathological examination confirmed tissue damage, but additionally demonstrated localized patterns of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) meeting criteria for CTE pathology. P‐tau and TDP‐43 deposits within marginal tissue of damaged brain were also present focally. No amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits were present. These findings indicate that CTE pathology may occur following a single, severe TBI.     

The Accuracy and Applicability of 3D Modeling and Printing Blunt Force Cranial Injuries

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the accuracy of 3D models and 3D prints of cranial blunt force trauma, to evaluate the applicability and limitations of modeling such injuries. Three types of cranial blunt force lesions were documented (hinge, depressed, and comminuted) using three forms of surface scanning (laser, structured light scanner, and photogrammetry) at two different quality settings (standard and high). 3D printed models of the lesions were produced using two different materials (a gypsum‐like composite powder called VisiJet^® PXL and an acrylic engineered composite plastic called VisiJet^® M3 in crystal colour). The results of these analyzes indicate the prints in this study exhibit some statistically significant differences from the actual bone lesions, but details of the lesions can be reproduced to within 2 mm accuracy.     

Injury Patterns Sustained in Fatal Motor Vehicle Collisions with Driver's Third‐Generation Airbag Deployment

The Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario database for 2011–2012 was used to compare fatal injury patterns in drivers whose third‐generation airbags deployed compared to first‐ and second‐generation airbag deployments and airbag nondeployments with and without seatbelt use. There were 110 frontal and offset frontal crashes analyzed. The small sample size meant that the odds of craniocerebral, cervical spinal, thoracic, and abdominal injuries were not statistically different for airbag generation, deployment status, and seatbelt use; however, the risk of fatal thoracic injuries in third‐ and second‐generation cases was increased. Seatbelt usage in third‐ and second‐generation deployment cases reduced the risk of all injuries except abdominal trauma. High severity impacts and occupant compartment intrusion were frequently observed. The analyses in this retrospective study were challenged by data that were not collated in a standardized way and were limited in details about scene, vehicle, and driver variables.     

Head banging as a form of self-harm among inpatients within forensic mental health and intellectual disability services

Introduction: ‘Head banging’ is a common form of self-harm, linked to numerous negative outcomes including significant brain damage. However, little research has investigated head banging behaviour and its correlates in clinical populations. Method: Head banging episodes were identified from the incident records (n = 5417) of two inpatient forensic services (one intellectual disability and one mental health), using relevant search terms. Rates were compared between individual patients, by gender, diagnosis and level of security. Incident accounts were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results: Head banging incidents occurred approximately every 3 days in each service, with 229 incidents recorded in 1 year. Individual patient rates varied widely, ranging from 1 to 38 incidents within 1 year. Women, and patients in higher levels of therapeutic security, were significantly more likely to engage in head banging. Qualitative incident reports indicated that head banging was associated with mental distress, anger and psychotic experiences. Discussion: Head banging occurs frequently in forensic services, and has documented associations with traumatic brain injury in affected individuals, thus negatively impacting progress through the care pathway and treatment outcomes. Further research should investigate short- and long-term management strategies and treatment approaches, in order to minimise harm.     

竞技体育运动员恶意伤害民事赔偿法律问题研究

随着竞技体育的商业化运作日趋繁荣,求胜心切的竞技体育运动员在赛场上对对手恶意伤害的事件层出不穷,作为侵权法理论分支中的竞技体育中运动员恶意伤害问题日益引起学术与实务界的关注。文章将竞技体育中的恶意伤害和竞技体育中固有风险所导致的伤害相区别,并对恶意伤害所产生的民事赔偿责任的主体和范围加以明确。     

"牛玉琴等人的法律难题"解析

"牛玉琴等人的法律难题"归结到一点,就是如何保护林木所有权人的合法权益问题.要切实保护牛玉琴等人的合法权益,就必须由国家针对牛玉琴等人的投入和牺牲,在林木的经济价值之上、生态价值之下,确定一个适当的数额对他们进行补偿.除此之外,诸如"砍伐方案"、"购买方案"、"补助方案"、"奖励方案"等都是不可取的.     

产品责任的惩罚性损害赔偿制度研究

我国立法中对于产品责任欠缺惩罚性损害赔偿的规定,消费者合法权益得不到有效的维护。为此,从惩罚性损害赔偿的产生与演变入手,分析了对于产品责任适用惩罚性损害赔偿的法理基础:效益与正义,并对惩罚性损害赔偿的数额确定进行了经济分析,比较研究了各国及地区的相关规定,提出应在我国的产品责任立法中引进这一制度的建议。     

高校应重视开展心理健康教育

大学生的心理健康已引起社会各界的关注,而高校又担负着重要的责任,所以高校应重视学生的心理健康.本文从大学生心理健康的现状出发,通过对影响大学生心理健康的因素的剖析,提出高校开展心理健康教育的具体做法.     

犯罪心理测试结论及其证据属性

证据具有客观性、关联性、合法性等特征,鉴定结论属于证据的一种。理论和实践都证明犯罪心理测试结论也具有证据的客观性、关联性、合法性等特征,因此,犯罪心理测试结论的属性是证据,且属于《刑事诉讼法》规定的七种证据形式之一的鉴定结论。当前我国犯罪心理测试制度存在不科学、不完善等问题,应从测试主体、测试程序、测试环境条件、测试方法和测试结论的审查等方面规范测试制度。     

警察个体行为刍议

处在公安队伍中的民警是个人体与成员体的有机统一;警察个体行为是单个民警所作出的具体行动或举止;它本质上是单个民警对正在开展或将要开展的公安业务、队伍建设及其相关联的团队活动所作出的心理反应的外表。现代组织行为科学的研究成果能够证实:警察个体行为是警察个人体的生物学层面质素、心理学层面质素互动作用、交叉整合的动态过程,同时也是公安团队组织环境影响于警察个体行为的过程。