论日本《国家赔偿法》中的公共营造物瑕疵管理责任

公共营造物的使用者和设置、管理者之间是一种行政法律关系。日本于1947年颁布的《国家赔偿法》首次将公共营造物瑕疵管理责任纳入国家赔偿的范围之内，并通过一系列判例逐步建立起一整套完整的赔偿制度的理论体系。公共营造物瑕疵管理责任的立法理念、责任根据、构成要件、证明责任是这一领域研究的主要问题。     

福建省农村公共物品供给研究

城乡差距问题是当代中国政府面临的公共治理难题。改革开放以来,中国农民在承担改革成本和分享改革成果上的失衡,造成了城乡社会发展水平的极大落差。城乡公共物品供给"二元"结构是城乡差距继续扩大的主因,本文以福建省为个案,深入分析福建省农村公共物品供给的现状及存在的问题,最终为完善我国农村公共物品供给机制提供有益的思路选择。     

鉴定人执业的刑事责任注意

鉴定人的法律责任是保证鉴定质量的主要制度措施．其中鉴定人的刑事责任更为重要，通过对鉴定各个阶段的鉴定行为的分析，确定鉴定人的刑事责任的范围，并对鉴定人刑事责任的立法完善提出建议。旨在对司法鉴定人行为提醒，保障鉴定人队伍的健康成长。     

从相互协助到相互承认——欧盟刑事取证立法变迁探析

欧盟刑事取证立法建立在两个不同原则上,一是传统的相互协助基础上的立法,一是1999年坦佩雷会议后,相互承认基础上的立法;这两种立法在欧盟范围内并存。从未来发展看,相互承认基础上的立法将逐步取代相互协助基础上的立法。欧盟理事会2008年12月通过的《欧盟证据令》是欧盟在相互承认基础上取代原有刑事取证立法的第一步,对原有立法进行了制度性革新。欧盟刑事取证立法在取得显著进步的同时,在相互承认原则和公民基本权利保障等方面也面临着诸多挑战。     

Violent victimization among males and economic conditions

Research Summary In this article, we use data from the 1973 to 2005 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to estimate previously unknown trends in serious nonfatal violent victimization for Latino, non-Latino Black, and non-Latino White males in the United States. Past research has shown that Blacks and Latinos have been more susceptible than Whites to financial hardship during economic downturns and that economic disadvantage is an important correlate of violence in cross-sectional analyses. If significant declines in the national economy contribute to increases in violence, then crime trends disaggregated by race and ethnicity should show greater changes among minorities during periods of economic downturn. Although rates of violence have declined for all groups, we find that trends for Latino and Black males are similar and closely follow changes in consumer sentiment. In contrast, trends for White males display fewer fluctuations coinciding with changes in economic conditions. Continued disaggregation shows that these patterns appear primarily in stranger violence and not in violence by known offenders. The patterns also suggest that the association between changing economic conditions and male victimization trends might have weakened in recent years. Policy Implications The findings raise concerns about the potential impact of recent economic changes on the risk for serious victimization, particularly among Blacks and Latinos. In light of the possible recent weakening of the relationship between economic changes and crime, future research should assess whether criminal justice policies and other factors moderate the relationship between economic conditions and victimization and use group-specific measures of violence so that important variability across race and ethnicity is not masked. These analyses also should be expanded to consider the potential effects on violence of government policies designed to alleviate poverty and unemployment.     

公共交通安全保卫视野下的警务风险探析

公共交通安全保卫领域中警务行为对象的高风险性、内容的冲突性、方式的法律规制性及警务人员风险防范意识匮乏和战术技能低下使得警务风险问题凸显,提高警务人员的风险识别能力,提升风险防范意识,强化警务技能及战术配合,构建立法及制度屏障无疑是警务工作中应对风险的务实态度。     

Civil Service Reform in Latin America: External Referents Versus Own Capacities

In the context of state reform and democratisation in Latin America, reinforcing public institutions becomes critical to sustaining and consolidating realised gains. In this area, civil service reforms are critical. But civil service reform initiatives in Latin American countries were designed with different degrees of compatibility with countries’ administrative traditions and with the role played by the civil service within the political system. The results of different initiatives are described in a brief review of six key features of nine Latin American civil services. Discussion of these results allows us to draw conclusions about the capacity to generate learning dynamics. A new conception of the civil service and its role in the political system appears more evident, unless the required political consensus for implementing and consolidating the new reform strategy for most Latin American public administrations is not confirmed.     

财政转移支付制度及其对改革发展成果公平分享有何意义

财政转移支付制度是有关政府间公共财政资源的分配制度,主要目标是公共服务的均等化。均等化目标意味着公共物品和公共服务的公平分享,也有助于区域经济、城乡经济协调发展。我国现行转移支付制度在许多方面背离均等化目标,不利改革发展成果的公平分享。     

论民办教育中“平等权”的保障机制

尽管法律明确规定了民办学校与公办学校“具有同等的法律地位”，但事实上，由于重“公（办教育）”轻“民（办教育）”的思想观念仍在作祟，这一规定常常被法律法规自身的其他规定以及某些政策所破坏，给民办教育带来了诸多消极后果。为保障民办教育健康发展，从观念上和法律政策上对此种不良现象进行治理，以落实法定的民办学校与公办学校的同等待遇，便显得极为必要。     

浅议法律监督和舆论监督

法律监督是硬性监督,其结果具有很强的效力,但其程序严密,成本高昂,导致效率低下。而舆论是软性监督,可以及时有效地反映社会问题,维护大众利益。舆论监督走向法治,有利于督促预防国家机构及工作人员合法正常履行职责。