建立国际统一的管辖权和判决承认与执行制度--海牙《选择法院协议公约》述评

海牙国际私法会议于2005年6月所通过的<选择法院协议公约>系迄今为止国际社会在法院管辖权和外国法院判决承认和执行方面意义最为深远的一个公约.本文首先介绍了本文公约产生的背景以及公约的结构.之后,作者就公约中关于统一管辖权的规定进行了较为详细的评述被选择法院行使管辖权的权利和应该行使管辖权的义务、未被选择法院不行使管辖权的义务以及临时保护措施不受公约约束的例外规定.关于公约中所规定的外国法院判决的承认与执行制度作者从六个方面进行了探讨承认与执行外国判决的一般义务、承认与执行外国判决的例外情形、不审查与事实认定、先决问题、损害赔偿问题以及承认和执行外国判决的法律适用问题.     

足迹研判工作模式的研究探讨

为高效发挥足迹研判工作的作用,笔者对足迹研判工作模式进行了思考。对上海市、长沙市等全国先进地区进行了调查、分析,也对先进经验推广存在的困难进行了讨论,指出其困难在于领导重视和理念两个方面。最后,笔者提出了一套更适于推广的战斗小组工作模式,并对该模式中各步骤的耗时和重要性进行了评估,阐述了该模式在人力、财力、物力投入缺乏情况下的优势,旨在对足迹研判工作的推动有所裨益。     

The Moderating Effect of Criminal Thinking on Certainty of Apprehension in Decisions to Engage in Antisocial Behavior: Replication and Extension

This study explored whether the rational (certainty of punishment) and nonrational (criminal thinking) aspects of antisocial decision‐making interact. A convenience sample of 319 undergraduates (106 men, 213 women) completed a measure of criminal thinking and responded to three fictional vignettes (i.e., cheating on a final examination in a class they were in jeopardy of failing, stealing $50 off a table in a dorm room, and selling marijuana for a friend) at three different levels of risk or certainty of apprehension (50%, 10%, and 1%). Results indicated that participants reported that they would be more likely to engage in antisocial behavior when the certainty of getting caught was low and the level of proactive (P) or reactive (R) criminal thinking was high. An interaction between certainty and criminal thinking was also observed in which the gap between lower and higher criminal thinking respondents grew as the probability of getting caught fell.     

中国古代判词与当代刑事判决书对比研究

中国古代判词作为古代司法官员听讼断狱所制作的司法文书,反映着中国历史上的礼法文化传统。当下中国的刑事判决书改革,不仅需要借鉴国外的先进庭审制度和制判模式,而且需要从我国的本土断案决狱文化中汲取营养,把我国优秀的传统法律文化发扬光大,从而更好地推动司法改革的发展。本文首先对中国古代判词进行分类,继而从古代判词的文学性特征、道德化倾向、天理、人情和法意的兼顾、文本结构和用词的感情色彩等角度探讨了古代判词与现代刑事判决书的差异,并揭示了其对当今刑事判决书改革的启示。古代判词的这些特征不仅有利于实现古代社会的司法目的,对于中国当下的司法改革,尤其是刑事判决书改革也具有现实的参考价值。     

A Pimp's Game: A Rational Choice Approach to Understanding the Decisions of Sex Traffickers

We employ a rational choice framework to understand the conditions under which sex traffickers allow their victims access to telecommunications devices while under their control. We posit that sex traffickers are rational actors who make calculated decisions regarding whether to allow their victims access to the Internet and cell phones. We hypothesize that sex traffickers allow younger victims and those they did not defraud in the recruitment process greater access to telecommunications devices because these decisions maximize their payoffs with minimal risk. However, we hypothesize that younger victims’ access to telecommunications devices is conditional on whether they have been defrauded in recruitment. In order to test these hypotheses, we deployed a survey to 115 victims of sex trafficking in the United States to learn about how they were recruited by their sex trafficker and the level of access they had to technology while under their sex trafficker's control. We find support for all of our hypotheses. The results have serious implications for criminal justice policy and practice.     

规范与习惯的冲突--论判决书语言运用问题

针对目前判决书语言运用中存在的某些顽症加以分析,以期引起有关人员的注意,规范地运用语言,提高判决书的质量.具体从三方面谈到判决书用语的不规范方言土语的混杂,口语化痕迹的存在,语句锤炼欠佳影响修辞效果等.     

起诉条件与实体判决要件

现行民事诉讼法关于起诉条件的设置标准过高 ,实质是将实体判决要件等同于起诉条件以及诉讼开始的条件。为此应当改革起诉制度 ,将起诉条件与实体判决要件相剥离 ,实行实体判决要件的审理和实体争议审理并行的“二元复式结构”。在改革起诉制度的同时 ,法院内部机构也应当调整 ,取消现行的“立审分立”原则 ,不再设立立案庭。     

我国民事简易程序的重塑

我国民事简易程序的重塑在完善民事简易程序的若干种方案中 ,文章一方面肯定相关立法的进一步修订的做法 ,另一方面反对盲目的引进小额诉讼制度 ,主张借鉴国外简易判决的做法 ,与现行民事简易程序一起构成我国广义的民事简易程序系统。     

谈谈个别化的裁判文书

当前,我国各级法院制作的裁判文书,公式化、概念化现象十分严重.写作个别化的裁判文书是解决这个问题的良方.裁判文书是理性和情感的二元统一.对同一案件,不同的主体对之进行理性和情感的观照,观照的后果呈现出极强的个性色彩.用语言将这种具有个性色彩的观照结果表现出来,这便是个别化的裁判文书.一个好的裁判文书,应该做到理性和情感的个别化.