论当代台湾电影写实主义美学精神的递嬗

1960年代,台湾"健康写实电影"所追求的只是有限度、不完整和不彻底的写实主义美学精神.1980年代,台湾新电影才为台湾电影真正建构了写实主义关学精神.在后新电影时代,台湾电影的写实主义美学精神空前高涨.中国封建时代的主流文艺观高度强调美与善的统一.当代台湾电影不断地张扬写实主义美学精神,本质上是在颠覆这种传统的文艺观,并致力于追求关与真的统一.这在中国文艺观念的发展史上具有革命性的重大意义.     

从何以可能到现实路径——关于当前哲学对话问题的沉思

哲学对话的重要性,已经取得学界的共识。在当前的中国语境之下,如何加强不同哲学,尤其是中、西、马哲学之间的对话和交流?问题的厘清必须从中、西、马哲学的对话何以可能谈起,从何以能对话(前提根据)、为什么对话(目的意义)到以什么对话(话题内容)的分析进路,不仅是对话问题的展开逻辑,而且内在地蕴含着对如何来对话,即中、西、马哲学对话的现实路径这一问题的解答。     

Systemic error: measuring gender in criminological research

This study examines how sex and gender are measured and operationalized in studies on criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) through content analysis of peer-reviewed journals. Despite that they are distinct and not always parallel, the terms sex and gender are often used interchangeably in CCJ research. Moreover, despite increasing recognition that gender-responsive practices are important at every stage of the criminal justice process, gender is almost exclusively measured as a male-female binary, miscategorizing and failing to properly account for those who do not fit in one of those gender identities. There are important implications for the safety of such individuals, as both victims and offenders throughout the criminal justice process, therefore it is essential that we more accurately measure gender in this field. Recommendations for improvement are addressed.     

中国共产党发展史是与时俱进不断创新的历史

中国共产党经历了以毛泽东为首的党的第一代领导集体,结合中国革命具体实践,实事求是,创立了毛泽东思想。以邓小平为核心的第二代领导集体,解放思想,实事求是,提出社会主义市场经济,从而发展了毛泽东思想,形成了邓小平理论。新世纪,以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体,解放思想,实事求是,与时俱进,提出"三个代表"重要思想。纵观中国共产党82年的发展史,就是与时俱进、不断创新的历史。     

The Gender Gap among Teen Survey Respondents: Why are Boys more Likely to Report a Gun in the Home than Girls?

It is a reliable though unexplained feature of national surveys that include items on gun ownership that wives are less likely to report a gun in the home than husbands. In this article we extend the inquiry regarding this gender gap in reporting of household guns to include adolescent children (age 12–17 years). The California Health Interview Survey of 2001, the largest-ever state survey of its kind, includes over 4000 marital households in which both a parent and adolescent child were interviewed and asked whether there was a gun in the home. There is little “age gap” in reporting—California teens are almost as likely to say that there is a gun as are their parents—but there is a gender gap among both the teens and their parents. We also find a large gap in personal experience with guns—boys are three times as likely to report hunting or shooting with a family member than girls. This difference in experience fully accounts for the gender gap in reporting. The relevance of these findings for the interpretation of survey data is clear. Whether there is a gun reported in a home depends to a remarkable extent on which member of the household is asked the question. Hence, the method of selection of respondent(s) from within a household will affect estimates of the patterns and prevalence of gun ownership, and, potentially, the accuracy of case–control studies that use self-report information about guns in the home.

PC_Eyewitness and the Sequential Superiority Effect: Computer-Based Lineup Administration

Computer technology has become an increasingly important tool for conducting eyewitness identifications. In the area of lineup identifications, computerized administration offers several advantages for researchers and law enforcement. PC_Eyewitness is designed specifically to administer lineups. To assess this new lineup technology, two studies were conducted in order to replicate the results of previous studies comparing simultaneous and sequential lineups. One hundred twenty university students participated in each experiment. Experiment 1 used traditional paper-and-pencil lineup administration methods to compare simultaneous to sequential lineups. Experiment 2 used PC_Eyewitness to administer simultaneous and sequential lineups. The results of these studies were compared to the meta-analytic results reported by N. Steblay, J. Dysart, S. Fulero, and R. C. L. Lindsay (2001). No differences were found between paper-and-pencil and PC_Eyewitness lineup administration methods. The core findings of the N. Steblay et al. (2001) meta-analysis were replicated by both administration procedures. These results show that computerized lineup administration using PC_Eyewitness is an effective means for gathering eyewitness identification data.     

“类推”与刑法之“禁止类推”原则——一个方法论上的阐释

将法律解释概念作狭义理解 ,具有方法论上的重要意义 ;如此 ,则法律解释方法中并不存在“类推解释”。从“法无明文规定不处罚”的基本要求和“法律解释必须在文义所及的范围内为之”这一命题出发 ,可以认为罪刑法定原则其实不排斥任何一种解释方法。事实上 ,“类推”在刑法领域是被作为法律续造的方法加以禁止的 ,而并非是被作为一种法律解释方法加以禁止。从维护法律确定性和司法统一性的要求出发 ,一切形式的类推在刑事司法中都应当被禁止 ;但是 ,这种主张显然源自于形式意义的罪刑法定和刑法技术主义的绝对观念。在实质意义的罪刑法定原则之下 ,有利于被告的类推应当被允许 ,这是克服刑法形式侧面的缺陷、实现刑法正义的需要。     

法官如何对待民间规范？——“顶盆过继案”的法理解读

从法文化的视角看,民间规范具有一定的法律属性。而从法律方法论的视角看,它仅仅具有某种意义上的准法律属性或前法律属性。是否拥有法律属性,尚需法官按照法治的原则和法律方法论的标准来决定。法官必须遵循制定法用尽原则和规则稳定性、体系融贯性、社会一致性等方法论标准,以此来确定是否需要通过司法裁判的方式将某一民间规范纳入到国家法之中。     

文化自觉的方法论思考

文化自觉的方法论是关于文化自觉的实现方式和研究方式及其途径与手段等问题的系统探索,是关于文化自觉的主体、对象、目的与手段之间基本关系的前提性、总体性思考。它的核心问题是如何消除各种“自我文化中心主义”和“二元对立”的思维方式,认识和呈现人类各种文化的真实面目,在深刻的自我反思与相互交流中获得文化自觉的方法基础和实践能力,更有效地实现文化自觉的伟大使命。     

马克思世界历史理论观照下的能力建设思想

党的十六届四中全会提出加强执政能力建设,核心内容是关于“能力建设”的思想,这是党的执政理念的重大提升,也是国家发展战略的进一步完善。“能力建设”思想有其特定的历史方位,它是对马克思世界历史理论的进一步发挥。文章旨在从马克思世界历史理论的视角,进一步揭示世界历史理论与“能力建设”的关系,阐明能力建设思想的科学内涵,从而提炼出“能力建设”思想所体现的方法论意义。