刑事现场188份接触DNA检材法医学检验分析

目的分析188份接触DNA检材的提取、送检和检验结果,探讨接触DNA检出率及可能影响接触DNA检验的因素。方法收集本辖区2016年1月至2016年10月提取并送检的188份接触DNA检材,按照检材载体性质、提取方法、送检时间、检出率等进行分类,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析和χ2检验。结果188份接触DNA检材成功进行STR分型的有38份,检出率为20.21%;其中表面质软、粗糙的载体接触DNA检出率58.82%,高于其它载体接触DNA检出率组的差异具有统计学意义;直接原物提取的接触DNA检材检出率42.11%,高于脱落细胞粘取器提取、棉签拭子转移提取的检出率组的差异具有统计学意义;送检时间早的检材检出率高于送检时间晚的检材组且具有统计学意义。结论接触DNA检材的检出率受载体性质、提取方法、送检时间等因素影响,日常现场勘查时要注重发现检出率高的载体上的接触DNA选择适当的方法提取,并及时送检。     

我国宏观经济运行态势与积极财政政策的实施

当前我国经济运行的特点是较高经济增长伴随着价格水平偏低和失业率升高，经济运行出现复杂局面。中央政府几年采坚持实施积极财政政策，保持了经济持续稳定增长。由于居民消费支出增长缓慢，劳动力供大于求，价格走低和失业升高还难以改变，因此，积极财政政策短期内还难以“淡出”，她仍然是今后一段时期内我国宏观经济调控的主要政策选择。     

Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing

Over the past decade, the human identity testing community has settled on a set of core short tandem repeat (STR) loci that are widely used for DNA typing applications. A variety of commercial kits enable robust amplification of these core STR loci. A brief history is presented regarding the selection of core autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers. The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing. Internet resources for additional information on core STR loci are reviewed. Additional topics are also discussed, including potential linkage of STR loci to genetic disease-causing genes, probabilistic predictions of sample ethnicity, and desirable characteristics for additional STR loci that may be added in the future to the current core loci. These core STR loci, which form the basis for DNA databases worldwide, will continue to play an important role in forensic science for many years to come.     

A validation study for duct tape end matches

Fracture matches are considered to be the strongest association achievable in forensic examinations of glass, metal, wood, plastic, paint, tape, and other trace evidence. Despite being fairly routine examinations, few publications exist to support their admissibility in court. This study was designed, using duct tape as the fractured medium, to determine the validity and error rate associated with conducting end match (fracture match) examinations on this material. Five test designs, which varied either the source roll of tape or manner of separation (torn or cut) from the roll, were administered to four analysts with instructions to examine the assigned test sets for end matches. If an end match was not identified by the initial analyst, the entire test set was independently evaluated by the remaining three analysts. Results indicated that while tape grade did not hinder end match identification, the manner of separation could affect results.     

Population Size, Change, and Crime in U.S. Cities

The sometimes noted contradiction between cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships concerning city population size and crime rates is reexamined using more complex analytic procedures, controlling for extraneous variables, and allowing for non-monotonic relationships. Instead of a simple cross-sectional relationship between population size and crime rates, the more sophisticated analysis reveals either no association or a quadratic relationship. Similarly, instead of a simple lack of longitudinal relationship or a negative one, the more complicated analysis shows a non-monotonic pattern for three of six offenses. However, we contend that these divergent patterns for cross-sectional relative to longitudinal data are not necessarily indicative of an “anomaly.” Instead, they represent different aspects of a dynamic process in need of more extensive theorizing. Finally, the cross-sectional results showing that city size and crime rates are either not linked or when linked are in a non-monotonic pattern call into question one of the accepted relationships in criminology that have long guided thinking about crime.

关于一个财政模型的错误的商榷

相继由中国经济出版社和中国人民大学出版社从1996年至2003年多次再版和印刷的<西方经济学>(下册宏观部分)教科书,关于财政模型证明和结论的若干次不同修改,关于推导出的含税率的税收乘数及其等于1的平衡预算乘数、含税率的转移支付乘数有明显的缺陷.     

论罚金刑的适用 --罚金刑适用率低之原因与对策

本文介绍了罚金刑的概念及其在我国刑法中的有关规定,指出了我国罚金刑适用的主要问题--适用率低;分析了产生该问题的原因--法律观念的滞后、罚金刑地位的低下、立法缺陷及罚金刑执行困难,并提出了解决该问题的方法--更新观念、提高罚金刑在刑罚体系中的地位、完善关于罚金刑的立法.     

The risk of detection

The clearance rate is often used as an indicator of the risk of detection, in spite of the fact that these are different matters. This article suggests a method to make estimates of the risk of detection based on information from the Swedish crime statistics. The risk of detection is expressed as a function of the dark figure. Empirical estimates of the risk are given for drunken driving, residential burglary, and assault between strangers. These estimates are followed up with some calculations concerning the impact of crime activity level on the risk of getting caught. One major conclusion of the findings is that the risk of detection varies very moderately with the dark figure. This means that if there is some knowledge of the dark figure, it is often possible to make fairly good estimates of the risk of detection.     

我国对外贸易结构、特征及影响

外商在华直接投资持续增长产生的贸易转移效应,推动了中国加工贸易规模增长、依存度提高和贸易顺差不断扩大。这一对外贸易结构性特征反映了中国经济对国际市场的依赖程度不断增加,对实现国民经济持续、健康、稳定运行的影响越来越大。改善和优化对外贸易结构仍是一项急迫任务。     

“刑期于无刑”思想的社会价值

对“无刑”的追求,法家主张“以刑去刑”的政策,而儒家主张“以德去刑”的政策。“以刑去刑”的政策最终导致重刑主义,而“以德去刑”的政策却具有轻刑的趋势。历史证明,“以刑去刑”的政策实施的社会效果并不理想,后被“以德去刑”的政策所取代。构建和谐社会的刑事政策,应当借鉴“刑期于无刑”刑事政策的经验。