Testing the Hollowing-Out Thesis

In recent years, many economists have argued that governments are discarding pegged exchange rates in favor of alternative exchange rate regimes such as monetary unions and currency boards on the one hand, or floating exchange rates on the other. Capital mobility, such economists argue, has made pegged exchange rates costly to maintain for long periods, and thus the pegging option is being “hollowed-out.” Few, however, have tried to present evidence that capital mobility has a direct effect on exchange rate regime choices. I present two sets of tests using different measures of capital mobility that provide qualified confirmation that developing countries peg less as capital mobility rises. These tests indicate that direct measures of capital mobility have some correlation with de facto exchange rate regimes but not with de jure exchange rate regimes. Capital flows, a consequence of capital mobility, may have a direct effect on the choices of both de jure and de facto regimes. Governments do not make changes in their declared exchange rate policies in rational anticipation of the growing costs of pegging associated with increasing capital mobility. Rather, governments normally adapt their declared exchange rate policies after capital flows have increased and actual exchange rates have become more difficult to manage. The tests also indicate that hollowing-out has not only been the result of systemic factors such as increasing capital mobility and capital flows, but also due to domestic factors such as growing public sector indebtedness and the spread of democracy.     

30个中低突变Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系的建立

目的建立30个中低突变Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,并对其性能进行评估。方法采用六色荧光标记技术,选择30个中低突变率、中高多态性的Y-STR基因座自行设计引物,进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测。检测该体系的准确性、特异性、灵敏度和耐受性,并观察其在混合检材的分型情况。结果采用本体系,分型结果准确稳定、特异性好、耐受性强,灵敏度达0.0625ng,混合检材在1:4的比例下,可获准确分型。结论本研究建立的30个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系分型结果良好,对于中国人群的法医Y-STR数据库建设和群体遗传学研究具有重要意义。     

同色电工胶带的光谱成像技术检验

目的研究同种颜色电工胶带的区分方法。方法应用光谱成像技术对同色（选取红、黄、蓝、绿4种颜色）不同品牌的电工胶带进行区分。结果蓝色电工胶带的区分率最高,达到99.0%,红色、绿色、黄色样品的区分率相差不大,分别为94.3%、93.8%及93.3%。结论光谱成像技术可以实现同种颜色电工胶带的快速区分,从色度学角度为法庭科学领域电工胶带物证的区分提供了一种新的方法。     

GC-HPLC法考察圆珠笔字迹油墨厚度对溶剂挥发速率的影响

目的考察圆珠笔字迹油墨厚度对溶剂挥发速率的影响。方法采用GC/HPLC联用技术对不同时间、不同字迹油墨厚度在同种纸张上的圆珠笔油墨字迹中的溶剂、染料成分的定量分析。结果字迹油墨较厚的苯甲醇、苯氧基乙醇的含量随时间的变化比字迹油墨较薄的慢。结论字迹油墨的厚度对溶剂的挥发速率影响较大。     

Developmental validation of 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers

The use of X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been greatly increasing in the forensic setting. Using guidelines set forth previously for the validation of autosomal and Y STRs, aspects of the feasibility of routine X chromosomal STR use were evaluated. Two mini-X chromosomal STR multiplexes capable of amplifying 15 total markers were developed and utilized to determine allele nomenclature, allele/genotype frequencies, mutation rates, and linkage between markers. Additionally, a concordance study between these multiplexes and a commercially available kit was performed. Here, the authors present an overview of this extensive developmental validation study.     

The Development of Good Practices in Cooperation With the Use of Educational Offer of Academic Centers for Employees of an International Corporation

The paper describes the genesis of the industry＇s needs for training employees whose main purpose is to stimulate ones to be more innovative. Responded to this demand, academic centers helped in the development of training strategies and concepts. The paper brought the closer concepts of training in range and effect that they have brought. An attempt was made to approximations, summary, and evaluation of programs that have been implemented in the framework of academic consortia, among governments founds, academic development, and companies competing in the regional and international telecommunication markets. Analyzed cases of such cooperation, for programs in which several people were involved, as well as beneficiaries of the projects in which were several thousand employees. Efforts made in these programs indicate good practice for those who would like to emulate or improve programs. Experiences that were collected and described in this paper are the ideal start for similar initiatives that may be taken without regard to the scale and location of economic participants.     

中国特色新型工业化道路与发展县域循环经济——以江西省为例

坚持中国特色的新型工业化,是江西省实施生态强省战略、发展县域循环经济的重要支撑和核心。从可能性与可行性等方面来看,江西拥有优于全国平均水平的生态环境,把循环经济作为促进工业经济结构调整和发展方式转变主攻的方向,符合建设绿色生态江西的实际。如何根据新型工业化的本质特征和江西省实施新型工业化特别是县域经济发展的现状,采取切实有效对策和措施,促进江西经济特别是县域循环经济的发展,这是一个值得高度重视和认真研究的课题。     

Inter- and intra-subject variability in ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters: effects of testing interval and dose

Calculation of a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of an offence by forward or back-extrapolation, using population average values for ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters or a single estimate of individual specific parameters, ignores the possibility of inter- and intra-subject variability. In order to estimate inter- and intra-subject variability in the elimination rate and absorption rate, BAC was measured over time in 12 male volunteers on 4 occasions. Subjects received 0.44 g kg(-1) body weight of ethanol on the first study day, and 0.70 g kg(-1) body weight on subsequent study days 1, 11 and 12 weeks later, to enable comparisons in variability over short and long time periods and when the same or different doses were administered. Evidence of both inter- and intra-subject variability was found, with inter-subject variability substantially smaller than intra-subject variability when the dose varied. Forensically important differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed within individuals between occasions. These findings could have an important impact on medico-legal issues related to ethanol pharmacokinetics.     

Economics of court performance: an empirical analysis

This paper proposes an empirical analysis of Spanish court performance using the economic approach. An econometric model will be estimated in order to answer two basic questions: (1) why some courts’ output it is greater than others? (2) Could courts produce a higher output using their actual resources? In addition it will be determine, by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA), whether courts showing higher than average output have dictated resolutions with a higher reversal rate.     

对330例体表创口与愈后瘢痕长度的对比观察

探讨体表创口与愈后瘢痕相互关系。在 330例不同年龄的伤者的不同部位的钝、锐器伤口 ,用精确的测量方法 ,在伤后 3d内、伤后 1个月、伤后 3个月进行测量 ,并计算创口愈合成为瘢痕的收缩率。在伤后 3个月面部瘢痕的收缩率为 15 4% ,躯干、四肢瘢痕收缩率为 13 6 % ,头皮瘢痕收缩率为 10 1%。不同致伤物形成的创口 ,在伤后 3个月时 ,不规则钝器创的瘢痕收缩率为 16 1% ,锐器创的瘢痕收缩率为 11 2 %。结果表明 ,创口在伤后 3个月时 ,面部瘢痕收缩率最大 ,头皮瘢痕收缩率最小。不规则钝器创的瘢痕收缩率值比锐器创的瘢痕收缩率值大。