Polycentric Systems and Multiscale Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Built Environment

Addressing climate change requires consideration of mitigation and adaptation opportunities at multiple spatial scales. This is particularly true in the built environment, defined here to include individual buildings, neighborhoods, and the spaces between. The current U.S. political environment portends fewer resources and coordinating services for mitigation and adaptation at the federal level, however, reinforcing the relevance and necessity of actions at subnational levels. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to the implementation of mitigation and adaptation practices, as well as the presence of polycentric systems in the built environment. We assemble a database of practices with the potential to achieve both mitigation and adaptation objectives, as well as those that may be cross‐purposed or that may achieve one but not the other. We review practices to gauge the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to mitigation and adaptation practices in the built environment, and examine the attributes of three existing adaptation and/or mitigation programs to assess the extent to which they exhibit polycentric attributes. We conclude with recommendations for a broader research agenda, including efforts to develop more in‐depth examinations into individual programs and comparative analysis of performances of different governance attributes.     

Venue Preference and Earthquake Mitigation Policy: Expanding the Micro‐Model of Policy Choice

Seismologists have reported that a majority of recent earthquakes in Oklahoma have been triggered by the activities of oil and gas companies. Despite this fact, there is evidence of strong opposition toward earthquake mitigation policy. In this article, we argue that how individuals define issues affect their policy choice. Furthermore, we incorporate the concept of venue shopping from the literature on macro theories of the policy process to investigate the effect of problem definition in shaping individual venue preference for policy choice. Using unique survey data, we find that problem definition, particularly issue causality and issue image, is strongly related to individual support for earthquake mitigation policy. However, a more nuanced relationship between individual problem definition and venue preference is observed. Our findings contribute to scholarly endeavors to understand the politics of problem definition at an individual level, which may be the precursor of understanding policy choices at the institutional level.     

Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance.     

海峡西岸经济区区域三螺旋合作深化发展路径探讨

区域正日益转变为由政府、科研院所和企业组成的三螺旋创新空间。本文首先对区域三螺旋创新空间的形成及运行特点进行了理论探讨;在此基础上,针对海峡西岸经济区正日益成为实现两岸要素资源优化整合的先行先试区域,对海峡西岸经济区区域三螺旋合作的现状和存在的问题进行了分析;最后,对推动海峡西岸经济区依托对台合作深化区域三螺旋合作提出了一些政策建议。     

凉山彝族习惯法探析——以普雄地区习惯法为重点的考察

以普雄地区习惯法为考察重点,介绍凉山彝族习惯法的概念以及普雄地区习惯法的具体内容,剖析了凉山彝族习惯法的特点和作用。凉山彝族习惯法在弥补国家法的不足,维持社会秩序以及传承彝族法律文化等方面发挥着积极的作用。因此,我们应当重视并发挥其积极作用,努力克服其消极影响,从而在凉山彝区社会中实现法治现代化与传统法文化的和谐发展,推进民族法治建设。     

关于少数民族法律人类学的反思

很多少数民族法律民族志,只是在进行资料创新而非观点创新,经验和理论呈现出两张皮样态:一边是少数民族奇闻趣事的繁琐陈列;另一边是跟经验材料关系不大的各种大名鼎鼎的理论。少数民族法律民族志要真正实现从实践出发,需要:深入经验调查,实现知识的可解释性;展开交流对话,实现知识的可积累性;进行区域比较,实现知识的可类型化。     

Striking the federal bargain in Russia: comparative regional government strategies

The central research goals of this article are to classify and explain the positions of the 89 state “governors” of Russia with regard to the most desirable federal division of power. The state governors are classified along a 5-item autonomy index based on events data and content analysis of their speeches, declarations, petitions, threats and actions from 1991–1995 as reported in two regional sources. Theoretical propositions derived from four schools of thought (essentialism, instrumentalism, relative deprivation and resource mobilization) are tested to discover which, if any, provide useful insights into the preferences and behavior of regional elites in Russia. In the end, a combined model that synthesizes elements of the above is shown to be most useful in explaining variation in elite positions.     

从复苏到新的增长--东南亚经济形势分析

进入21世纪以来,东南亚经济可谓是一波三折,一些国家刚刚摆脱金融危机的阴影,逐步地走向复苏,马上又面对世界经济不景气,尤其是美日等国市场需求的萎缩,紧接着又受到非典型肺炎和禽流感的冲击,真可谓是屋漏偏遭连夜雨.尽管存在这些不利因素,大部分东南亚国家的经济在近年来仍然取得了可喜的成就,一些国家正在艰难地复苏,一些国家已经出现新的增长势头.     

民营经济发展给地方政府管理带来的挑战——以吉林省为例

民营经济是推动政府体制改革的重要力量,而政府管理创新则是推动民营经济蓬勃发展的重要保证。改革开放以来,吉林省民营经济创下许多佳绩,但是同全国民营经济发展状况相比,不论是经济总量还是速度水平都存在较大的差距,还有许多因素制约着民营经济的发展。只有创新地方政府的管理,转变政府职能,改革政府传统的行政管理方式,积极培育和引进民营经济的创业主体,创造条件解决民营经济在发展中的资源要素问题,才能促进民营经济的发展。     

区域一体化背景下的中国与东盟贸易——一种政治经济学解释

20世纪90年代以前中国东盟双边贸易的相互依赖程度一直很低,经济缺少互补性、产品在世界市场上相互竞争被认为是主要原因。哪些因素导致了90年代以来中国东盟贸易相互依赖的深化呢?本文分析发现,虽然从1993年以来中国东盟双边经济互补性有很大提高,但在世界市场上的竞争性并没发生大的变化。中国东盟经济相互依赖的深化需要引进经济以外的因素来解释。本文认为,中国东盟从各自利益出发对它们之间相互关系的认知与重视推动了双边经济合作的深化,这在一定程度上改变了双方的对外贸易结构。