The business of leisure: sport,labour and co-operation in post-war Britain

Compared with the activities of its European counterparts, the sporting and recreational pursuits of the British labour movement are less well known. Yet the co-operative movement organised an impressive range of sports clubs, competitions and events. Whereas previous studies have examined the relationship between the labour movement and working-class leisure during the interwar years, this article considers the interactions of the co-operative moment with popular discourses on recreation in Britain from the 1950s to the 1970s. In so doing, it challenges assumptions about the Left's disconnection from sporting culture. The Co-op used sport to create a collective co-operative identity amongst its employees. Examining the social and political context of these activities in post-war Britain can inform debates on the construction of female identity through sport, the use of recreation for business advantage and the extent to which the co-operative movement shaped working-class leisure patterns. Although the article highlights that co-op sport formed a source of tension between the retail and wholesale sections of the movement and could be adversely affected by popular affluence, it argues that a reappraisal of the co-operative movement's recreational activities contributes to a broader understanding of post-war working-class culture.     

The British,the Tudeh party and the 1947 World Federation of Trade Unions’ visit: battle for labour reform in Iran

ABSTRACT

After the British-Soviet occupation of Iran during the Second World War, Iran became the key battleground for the international labour movement. The plight of the workers had become an important political issue with the Iranian government in conflict with the socialist Tudeh party for leadership over the trade unions. The Labour government in Britain was also deeply interested in the matter but regarded the Tudeh as too dangerous and too aligned with the Soviet Union to be supported. Within this climate, the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) made an official visit to Iran. With its international delegates, they represented different views over the Tudeh, which caused much conflict during the visit. This article sheds crucial light on this important visit and reveals how international the Labour questions were in Iran and how the WFTU visit brought the various tensions to light. This research will also show how the timing of the visit may have impacted on the removal of the Iranian strong-man Ahmad Qavam by the end of 1947. This work is of particular significance as it looks at the previously understudied role and interest of the British government on the Iranian labour.     

透视劳动教养聆询制度

为了保证劳动教养审批程序的公开性和公正性,公安部于2002年建立了劳动教养审批聆询制度,在最近召开的全国公安机关劳动教养审批制度改革工作会议上要求全面推行劳动教养聆询制度。劳动教养聆询制度的建立和实行,对于中国社会主义民主和法治建设起到了积极的作用．具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。就我国现行聆询制度的具体实施而言尚有缺失,在实践环节完善劳动教养聆询制度的路经有;加大聆询宣传力度、增强民警人权意识、保证聆询公正透明和建立聆询效力制度。     

传统民族服饰之文化剖析

时下,传统民族服饰的发展受到前所未有的冲击,在复兴大旗下,各方人士纷纷为之进言献策,并已达成许多深层共识。但这些共识多数都只是从一个层面或一个方面看待传统民族服饰的复兴。本文把传统民族服饰放入全球化背景中,分别从物质器物、符号和象征物以及传统民族服饰所涵盖的意义三个层面进行文化剖析,以期对传统民族服饰复兴的走向进行总体把握。     

Influencing public policy: an embedded criminologist reflects on California prison reform

Criminologists bemoan their lack of influence on U.S. crime policy, believing that the justice system would be improved if their research findings were more central in decision making. I had an opportunity to test that notion as I participated in California’s historic attempt to reform its prisons over the past 4 years. I became an embedded criminologist, where I was able to observe and contribute to the inner workings of state government. This article reports on my accomplishments with respect to fostering research activities and shifting the department’s focus towards prisoner reintegration. It discusses some of the lessons I learned, including the personal toll that such work entails, the importance of the timing of policy initiatives, and the power of rigorous methodology and clear communication. I conclude by recommending that other policy-oriented criminologists seek out similar experiences, as I believe our academic skills are uniquely suited and ultimately necessary to create a justice system that does less harm.

Social Norms and the Feeling of Justice about Unequal Family Practices

After briefly retracing the origins of the present day unbalanced division of family work, this paper article summarizes results from three studies conducted with married adults and unmarried young adults from northern Portugal. The data support the idea that (a) unequal family practices do not change because traditional practices are social norms that orientate individuals’ behavior; (b) individuals do not comply passively to these social norms but consider that the normative practices are fair; (c) normative family practices are considered to be fair because women, as well as men, seem to gain benefits from traditional family organization. The social consequences for women of the maintenance of normative family practices are discussed.

监狱劳动改造应突出教育改造的功能

劳动改造既是监狱改造罪犯的手段之一,又是监狱工作的重要组成部分。从现实情况看,劳动改造在监狱工作中发挥了重要作用,但也存在与监狱“改造人”的工作宗旨不相吻合的问题。对此,应从监狱体制改革、监狱生产定位、劳动改造考核体系优化等方面加强和改进劳动改造工作,突出劳动改造中教育改造的功能。     

Remittances,rituals and reconsidering women's norms in mahallas: emigrant labour and its social effects in Ferghana Valley

This paper describes recent economic and social changes in Central Asian neighbourhood communities known as mahallas, using data from a town in Ferghana Valley. First, it examines how the increasing costs of life-cycle rituals are damaging the harmony of mahallas. Since 2007, more and more hosts have begun to outsource the provision of food and services for these rituals, using money acquired mostly through emigrant labour. This in turn lessens mahallas’ mutual aid practices, and reveals emerging economic disparities between neighbours. Secondly, the paper argues that emigration has had transformative effects on the lifestyles of Muslim women in mahallas. With the globalization of their economy, conventional local norms are becoming harder to obey, and some young and middle-aged women are choosing to live outside these norms. Dependence on emigrant labour and the associated remittances has significantly affected the lifestyles and morals of mahalla inhabitants.     

新阶段国家战略人才力量建设：聚焦高校人才教育

人力资本是支撑我国科技自立自强、高质量发展的核心要素。党的二十大报告再次提出科教兴国战略和人才强国战略,这就要求高校不断提升人才培养的水平。当前我国高校人才培养整体水平依然不高,不仅不能充分满足当前的需要,与未来发展的需要更是存在明显差距。影响我国高校人才培养质量的两大深层问题是高校行政化问题和东亚教育模式问题,前者是造成我国高校人才教育中存在诸多扭曲效应的根源性因素,后者则在很大程度上是制约高校教育高质量发展的社会深层问题。研究建议：我国未来高校人才培养需要树立实用主义导向、创新导向、长期导向、竞合导向、学术—教学均衡分流导向和适度教育导向;采取系统性思维看待高校人才培养问题,根据现代大学的教育理念采取综合措施推动高校等机构去行政化;同时从源头入手,逐步转变应试教育体系,合理设置学科及按照需求动态调整不同学科招生人数,不断深化国际合作。     

新形势下劳动竞赛变化之浅析

新形势下,社会主义劳动竞赛不仅要继续存在,更应该积极地研究其新内容,探索其发展的新途径、新办法,不断创新劳动竞赛形式,提高竞赛运行机制和竞赛质量,实现劳动竞赛质量的提高和飞跃。