错位与回归:民事再审制度之反思——以民事程序体系的新发展为背景

民事再审程序是《民事诉讼法》两次修法的交集,以程序体系的最新架构为运行环境,新《民事诉讼法》的正式施行必将使再审程序面临着制度内部和外部关系的新问题、新挑战。在本体论方面,需要强化再审程序的特殊性和例外性,理性认识再审难的内在正当性,遏制特殊救济程序向通常救济程序的异化;在关系论方面,再审程序与简易程序、小额程序、二审程序以及新增型非讼程序之间的关系,需要予以进一步明晰和矫正;在性质论方面,应当以比例原则、利益权衡原则、有限纠错原则、穷尽其他救济原则等为基本纲领,从法解释学和立法论两条路径,对再审领域的实体事项和程序事项予以优化。     

权力制约：中央与地方关系法治化的核心

中央与地方关系法治化的核心问题是通过中央与地方的有限分权实现对中央和地方权力的有效制约。基于权力制约目标设计中央与地方关系是现代法治的基本要求。集权模式下的中央与地方“分权”只是国家整体意义上权力内部的纵向职能分工,不具有权力纵向制衡意义的分权功能。建立有限政府、实行单一制下的中央与地方分权,既是控权模式下中央与地方关系的重要目标,也是实现中央与地方关系法治化的制度基础。     

民事诉讼代表人制度中诉讼当事人制度论

我国现有的民事诉讼代表人制度中,将人数众多一方中的每个成员均视作诉讼当事人,但只将诉讼权利义务赋予代表人,被代表的当事人却无进行诉讼的权利和义务。这样的制度安排看似符合群体诉讼的特性要求,但却与民事诉讼制度原理相悖。考察相关国家的制度安排,发现我国现有代表人制度中的诉讼当事人确定既阻碍了诉讼当事人平等原则的贯彻,又不能使代表人充分进行诉讼,从而成为该制度不能被广泛适用的先天缺陷之一。因此,作为解决群体纠纷的诉讼机制,代表人制度中诉讼当事人的选择,既要满足群体诉讼的特殊要求,又应契合民事诉讼当事人制度原理的运行机制。     

The couple relationship when the female partner has an acquired physical disability

ABSTRACT

‘Whereas the couple relationship is described to be the relationship which is typically the most impacted by disability, spousal support is presented to be the most important form of support following such. To date little is known about the exchange of support and the impact of an acquired physical disability on the couple relationship, especially when considering the perspectives of both partners. Taking a feminist, a resilience and a systemic perspective, this paper seeks to address these gaps by presenting the stories told by three heterosexual couples in whom the females sustained an acquired locomotor disability in the course of the relationship. Individual and joint semi-structured interviews were held with each participating couple. The aim was to systemically understand how the beliefs, ideas and attitudes of each partner mutually contributed to the resilience and maintenance of the couple unit over time, taking also into consideration the contextual factors which helped or hindered the couples in this process.Thematic narrative analysis of the stories told showed how coping post-disability was brought about by mutual and reciprocal circular patterns of interaction initiated and maintained within the couple relationship and influenced by the socio-cultural context. Whereas it was difficult to decipher which party had started off these processes, their occurrence over time limited the burden experienced by both parties because of the disability. The females in this study were empathic and endowed with a sense of gratitude whilst the males were caring and supportive. Both parties were determined to help each other in times of need and to survive the disability ordeal as a couple even if this entailed self-sacrifice and adjustment. Such research presents novel insights about couples impacted by an acquired locomotor disability and the practices and interventions which practitioners, clinicians and policy makers can adopt in supporting couples following such’.     

浅论医疗投诉之法律监督与权利救济

医疗机构、医务人员和患者是医疗卫生法律明确规定的利益共同体,但从部分法院近期裁判情况看,各地在认定患者是否具备行政诉讼原告资格方面存在明显差异。结合新《行政诉讼法》调整原告资格的双重背景和最高人民法院裁判精神,在医患关系有待改善和卫生执法水平尚待提高的情况下,应充分肯定患者与医疗投诉处理结果的利害关系,以发挥司法审判和复议审查在推动提升卫生执法水平与保障群众健康权益方面的双轮驱动作用。     

关联合同中产生于买卖合同的抗辩权对贷款合同的适用性问题——从一则案例看德国消费信贷法抗辩权延伸制度

随着我国商品房买卖纠纷案件的不断发生,司法实践面临着诸多难以解决的新问题,其中一个重要问题就是在信贷消费中产生于买卖合同的抗辩权是否可以适用于与其构成关联合同的贷款合同的问题.作为消费信贷法中的一项重要制度,德国消费信贷法的抗辩权延伸制度赋予消费者在买卖合同与贷款合同构成关联合同的情况下,以买卖合同所产生的对销售者的抗辩权来对抗贷款合同中的贷款人的权利.这一制度安排使消费者不至于因为关联合同中买卖合同与贷款合同的分离而承担比传统买卖合同更大的风险,致力于消费者保护.     

The Impact of Maternal Relationship Quality on Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Tendencies: Indirect Effects via Regulation of Prosocial Values

Studies document that parents serve as children’s primary socialization agents, particularly for moral development and prosocial behavior; however, less is known regarding parental influences on prosocial outcomes during the transition to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how mother–child relationship quality was related to prosocial tendencies via emerging adults’ regulation of prosocial values. Participants included 228 undergraduate students (ranging from 18 to 25 years; 90% European American) and their mothers (ranging from 38 to 59 years) from four locations across the United States. Path analyses using structural equation modeling revealed that mother–child relationship quality was related to emerging adults’ regulation of prosocial values, which was, in turn, related to emerging adults’ prosocial tendencies. Specifically, emerging adults who reported higher levels of internal regulation of prosocial values were more likely to report prosocial tendencies that de-emphasized themselves, and were less likely to report prosocial tendencies for the approval of others.

Relationship Management with Managers of Countrywide Offices of SEESA: A Case Study

Employees are a crucial stakeholder group for organisations since they determine the degree to which they achieve their goals. It is therefore necessary to build strong relationships with the workforce to encourage employee engagement, which implies that employees’ individual goals are aligned to those of the organisation. To build strong relationships, internal communication should be managed strategically. However, when an organisation has offices around the country, internal relationship management can be impeded, which adversely affects the entity attaining its goals. In this qualitative study, the case of SEESA, a national labour law organisation specialising in providing legal services to employers, was investigated to determine the way in which it manages relationships with its nationwide managers. A mixed-method approach was followed, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to gather data. The findings indicated that, despite studies elsewhere indicating a communication and relationship building strategy as a prerequisite for building strong organisation-employee relationships, the outcomes of such relationships can be present without a formal internal communication strategy. This can occur provided the organisation is inclined towards a symmetrical world view, has an open culture and encourages two-way communication with top management. Suggestions for managing relationships with employees in nationwide offices are made.     

房地产投资信托(REITs)法律制度之基本理论

房地产投资信托(REITs)本质上是一种投资基金.它于1960年在美国通过法律得以确立.房地产投资信托,就其实质而言,是房地产投资权益的证券化,是房地产证券化中的一种形式.依据资金投向的不同,REITs分为权益型、抵押型与混合型三类.依据组织形式,房地产投资信托可以分为公司型与契约型.与房地产直接投资、一般公司股票和债券这些金融工具相比较,房地产投资信托为其组织者和投资者提供了超越其他房地产投资工具的显著优势.     

警务改革视野下促进警民关系和谐的途径

构建"和谐警民关系"是抓好"三项建设"的关键,是提高公安"软实力"的有效措施,也是新时期警务改革的重点。公安机关应在明确和谐警民关系内涵的基础上,分析警民关系的现状和影响警民关系和谐的深层原因,探寻促进警民关系和谐的有效途径,找到发挥和谐警民关系长效和实效的着力点。