Risk Avoidance Strategies After Sexual Assault: A Dyadic Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers

Interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal support provider (friend, family, significant other) were used to explore survivor-support provider perspectives on self-protective behaviors survivors and those close to them take to protect themselves from future assaults. Strategies for reducing risk taken by survivors included behavioral changes, security measures, self-defense strategies, avoiding alcohol or drugs, and protecting others. Support providers play critical roles by encouraging survivors to pursue risk avoidance strategies, and employing these strategies themselves. Counseling and prevention implications are drawn in the context of risks facing survivors trying to avoid further sexual victimization.     

刑事证据伦理初论——以人道伦理观为视角

刑事证据与伦理具有密切的联系.对刑事证据法进行伦理研究,有利于确立正确的伦理观,指导刑事证据立法、理论研究并规范取证、审查和运用证据、作证、鉴定等行为.刑事证据法之人道伦理观,是指从人的本性出发,讲求以人为本、人文关怀,尊重人格尊严和人的道德情感的基本伦理准则和理念的总称.科学、合理和人性化的刑事证据法应体现对人性尊严、人伦亲情和人之常情的尊重和保障.     

唐宋法律中儒家孝道思想对西夏法典的影响

唐宋法律中的儒家孝道思想对西夏中后期颁行的法典《天盛改旧新定律令》影响深刻,主要表现为同居共财、亲属相隐及依服制定刑三个方面。西夏仿效中原政治制度、儒学盛行、社会以孝为美德以及家庭亲属关系完备是其接受这种影响的主要社会原因。     

民事主体与民事诉讼主体有限分离论之反思

对民事主体与民事诉讼主体的关系,我国现今学界主流持有限分离论。此论是对现行法律的误读及对两主体关系应然与实然的混淆。实体法与程序法在主体制度上的失衡,已成为两法共同有效地实现保障权利、解决民事纠纷、维护社会经济秩序等民事诉讼目的的巨大障碍。自然人、法人、非法人团体的"三元"民事主体结构,应成为我国民事立法关于民事主体结构构建的基本结构。民事主体与民事诉讼主体,应当是内涵有别但外延一致的关系。     

《中德税收协定》的现状与发展趋势

中德两国互为重要的经济贸易伙伴国。《中德税收协定》自1985年签订以来,成为两国解决双重征税和防止逃漏税问题的法律准则。然而,《中德税收协定》实施后,中国不断地推进税制改革,两国间经贸往来出现了新的形式,与此同时,国际税法理论也有了新的发展。因此,适时修改《中德税收协定》是必要的。尽管中国在德国的投资已有所发展,但是应当清醒地看到,中国仍是资本输入国,在修订《中德税收协定》时,应当坚持来源地管辖权为主和适当兼顾居民管辖权的原则。     

中国古代的代亲受刑现象探析

中国古代司法活动中存在一种普遍性的代亲受刑现象。有代父、代母、代兄、代弟、代夫等种类,呈现以纵向长辈、横向男性为主要被代者的特点。其原因主要是孝悌义等伦情的推动,也不排除名利追逐、礼法所累等次因。代亲受刑并未在基本律典里规定,现实生活中多以诏令等形式灵活处理。这种状态为统治者是否允许适用代刑留下空间,导致了君臣之间、臣子之间的诸多争辩。代刑请求中的言行技巧也往往是成功与否的关键。为解决许可代刑出现的复仇问题,国家以移乡避仇、经济赔偿及禁止复仇等措施应对。孔子对直躬案的评价是代亲受刑受到儒学推崇的思想源头。虽然代亲受刑有破坏法制施行之嫌,但反对敌不过许可,法理敌不过情理,这种现象最终还是无法避免。     

《侵权责任法》中患者近亲属知情同意评析

《侵权责任法》在患者知情同意制度中使用了“近亲属”这一概念,并在第五十五条提出：“不宜向患者说明的,应当向患者的近亲属说明。”此提法不仅与国外“病人自治”原则存有差异,而且“近亲属”这一概念范围也不明确。本文拟对第五十五条立法中所体现的“近亲属知情同意”的合理性以及“近亲属”这一概念使用的恰当性进行探讨。     

Is It Who You Know,or How Many That Counts? Criminal Networks and Cost Avoidance in a Sample of Young Offenders

The aim of the current study is to assess whether criminal networks can help young offenders avoid contacts with the criminal justice system. We examine the association between criminal network and cost avoidance specifically for the crime of cannabis cultivation in a rural region in Quebec, Canada. A self‐report delinquency survey, administered to the region's quasi‐population of high‐school students (N = 1,166), revealed that a total of 175 adolescents had participated in the cannabis cultivation industry (a 15% lifetime prevalence rate). Forty‐seven respondents (27%), including 29 who were arrested, reported having participated in a cultivation site that was detected by the police. Results indicate that “who you know” matters in the cultivation industry, and is an important independent predictor of arrest: very few young growers who were embedded in adult networks were apprehended. Conversely, embeddedness in a youth network emerged as an independent risk factor, especially embeddedness in larger networks.     

过失实行行为的本质及其客观不法认定标准

过失实行行为的本质在于制造并实现不被容许的风险。对过失实行行为客观不法的认定,应坚持结果回避义务对行为是否制造了不被容许的风险判断的决定作用;结果回避的不可能性导致结果回避义务的无效性;当法益侵害结果的发生不在注意规范保护目的范围内时,应否定过失实行行为的存在;行为人违反结果回避义务制造并实现了不被容许的风险方能将结果归责于行为人;风险升高理论是对违反结果回避义务行为与不法结果在无法确证因果关系时仍应予以客观归责的补强;容许的风险和风险分配理论仅具有在立法层面对结果回避义务的规定起理论支撑作用,在司法适用上并无有价性,而作为两者下位规则的信赖原则,实际亦是一个无用的规则。     

亲亲相隐与中国古代司法制度

亲亲相隐,是中国古代司法制度的一个典型特征.它经历了春秋、两汉、隋唐、宋明直至民国的发展,对中国古代司法制度影响极为深刻.容隐原则集中体现了儒家道德法思想,它的出现是中国特定人伦背景及社会实存共同作用的结果.