Collecting touch DNA from glass surfaces using different sampling solutions and volumes: Immediate and storage effects on genetic STR analysis

Touch DNA has become increasingly important evidence in todays' forensic casework. However, due to its invisible nature and typically minute amounts of DNA, the collection of biological material from touched objects remains a particular challenge that underscores the importance of the best collection methods for maximum recovery efficiency. So far, swabs moistened with water are often utilized in forensic crime scene investigations for touch DNA sampling, even though an aqueous solution provokes osmosis, endangering the cell's integrity. The aim of the research presented here was to systematically determine whether DNA recovery from touched glass items can be significantly increased by varying swabbing solutions and volumes compared with water-moistened swabs and dry swabbing. A second objective was to investigate the possible effects of storage of swab solutions prior to genetic analysis on DNA yield and profile quality when stored for 3 and 12 months, as is often the case with crime scene samples. Overall, the results indicate that adapting volumes of the sampling solutions had no significant effect on DNA yield, while the detergent-based solutions performed better than water and dry removal, with the SDS reagent yielding statistically significant results. Further, stored samples showed an increase in degradation indices for all solutions tested, but no deterioration in DNA content and profile quality, allowing for unrestricted processing of touch DNA samples stored for at least 12 months. One further finding was a strong intraindividual change in DNA amounts observed over the 23 deposition days which may be related to the donor's menstrual cycle.     

消防行政执法中存在的问题及对策

随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展和改革开放的进一步深入,消防行政执法工作出现了一些新的情况、新的问题。要完成好消防行政执法工作,就应该重视这些问题。消防部门应以"三个代表"重要思想为标准,改变消防监督执法观念,制定新的对策,只有这样,才能对消防行政执法工作产生广泛而深刻的影响。     

弱势群体问题及对策研究

关注弱势群体是构建社会主义和谐社会必须面对的重大问题之一。弱势群体的构成主要包括下岗失业人员、“体制外”的人、进城农民工、收入较低的贫困农民等八类人。弱势群体有四个基本特征:低职化或无职化;贫困化;脆弱化;边缘化。要正确认识和谐社会构建进程中弱势群体的存在,积极采取切实可行的措施,对弱势群体给予保护和扶持。     

How Cross‐Examination on Subjectivity and Bias Affects Jurors’ Evaluations of Forensic Science Evidence

Contextual bias has been widely discussed as a possible problem in forensic science. The trial simulation experiment reported here examined reactions of jurors at a county courthouse to cross‐examination and arguments about contextual bias in a hypothetical case. We varied whether the key prosecution witness (a forensic odontologist) was cross‐examined about the subjectivity of his interpretations and about his exposure to potentially biasing task‐irrelevant information. Jurors found the expert less credible and were less likely to convict when the expert admitted that his interpretation rested on subjective judgment, and when he admitted having been exposed to potentially biasing task‐irrelevant contextual information (relative to when these issues were not raised by the lawyers). The findings suggest, however, that forensic scientists can immunize themselves against such challenges and maximize the weight jurors give their evidence by adopting context management procedures that blind them to task‐irrelevant information.     

债转股的风险与对策

金融资产管理公司组建后最重要的工作就是进行债转股,学者们将这一工作称为一种“双赢”——化解金融风险,减轻企业债务负担。但是在债转股实践中,资产回收风险依然困扰着国有商业银行。本文具体分析了银行面临的各种风险,并有针对性地提出化解风险的对策。     

论构建有效的行政问责法律制度

行政问责即对行政机关及其工作人员的责任追究制度,主要由问责主体、问责对象、问责范围、问责程序、问责结果等基本要素构成.目前,我国行政问责中存在的突出问题是:行政问责立法滞后,异体问责相对薄弱,问责对象不够全面,问责范围过于狭窄,职责权限比较模糊,责任形式不够全面,责任追究弹性较大,缺乏有效的司法救济途径等.为了充分发挥行政问责的惩罚、教育、安抚、补救、警示、预防功能,必须确立责任行政理念,明确行政问责主体,拓宽问责适用范围,统一责任认定标准,增加责任承担方式,严格行政问责程序,优化行政问责环境.     

群体性事件相关概念之界定

受不同的政治环境和经济、社会因素的影响,国内外对群体性事件的认识有一定差异,我国对群体性事件的认识也经历了不同的阶段。目前,有关群体性事件的概念就存在着集群行为、治安紧急事件、群体性治安事件、群体性突发事件、群体性事件等多种称谓。本文对国内外各种有关群体性事件的相关概念进行了系统梳理,通过比较分析的方法揭示群体性事件的内涵。     

论证据的关联性——证据的唯一特性

本文作者分析了证据的关联性与证据客观性和合法性的关系 ,认为合法性与客观性不是证据的基本特征 ,并提出了证据的关联性是证据唯一的特征的观点。     

浅析城市生活垃圾处理方案选择

在进行城市生活垃圾处理方案选择时应对城市概况、技术、经济和财务、环境以及法律政策等 5方面的因素进行全面、详细的调查、分析和评价 ,最终进行总体评价 ,选择出最适宜的方案。     

我国跨法域刑事管辖权竞合研究

在刑事管辖权竞合下如何确定管辖法域,应当借鉴国际私法中的“最密切联系理论,”根据各法域与案件在连结点上的“数量联系”和“质量联系”来确定跨法域刑事案件的管辖地。