毒品案件实物证据收集的实证分析

根据《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》、《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》以及《大连会议纪要》的新要求,本文通过对毒品案件证据特征的总结,结合实际案例对毒品案件侦查中物证、书证、勘验检查笔录和视听资料等实物证据的收集方法进行实证分析。     

文物的私法问题研究——以文物保护为视角

文物作为一种稀缺的文化资源,面临着严重的危机。应对文物危机需要采取公法调控方式和私法调控方式,其中私法调控发挥着重要的作用。在文物保护视角下,文物私法关系的法律调整需要在遵守普通私法规范的基础上去契合"保护文物"这一最终目标的实现,因而文物保护在私法调整上呈现出一些自身特点,表现为对文物的私法规制主要通过对文物所有权的法律构造作出特殊的安排来实现。     

完善我国刑事法律援助制度的基本思路——规范的自省与政策的关照

我国刑事法律援助制度的不完善,在一定程度上制约了我国刑事诉讼制度的发展。刑事法律援助是一种国家责任,国家应当切实承担起提供刑事法律援助的责任而不能将义务转嫁给律师。我国刑事法律援助制度存在法律规范和制度运行两方面的问题,应当通过规范的自省和政策的关照加以完善。当然,刑事法律援助制度根植于整个刑事诉讼制度之中,要真正提高刑事法律援助的水平,还必须改善刑事诉讼的整体环境。     

委托执行的实践反思与完善

委托执行制度本身存在一些不合理之处,受托案件负担论是影响委托执行效果的主要因素,管理、监督制度虚无化是委托执行制度动态运行上的最大问题。委托执行制度改革的内容核心是实行共同执行,运行核心是纳入执行流程,管理核心是强化高级法院责任。     

影响性刑事冤假错案的产生、纠错、追责与民意的关联考察——以22起影响性刑事冤假错案为主要研究范本

民意的影响是冤假错案产生的诱因之一。不理性的民意极易虚构出貌似合理的"案件事实"并以此给司法机关施压。基于民意的压力,司法机关往往更多注重有罪证据,忽视无罪证据。命案必破、限期破案、疑罪从轻等刑事政策、司法理念,都是对民意诉求的顺应,也是促成冤假错案的诱因。民意对影响性冤假错案的纠错有积极意义,但仍应回归法治轨道。样本案件中,民意推进了冤假错案纠错程序的启动、纠错的及时,但没有制度化。民众对司法活动的认知不够理性,对错案追责的民意表达亦非建立在理性认知的基础之上。我国有必要培育理性的民意,形成民意与刑事司法的良性互动。     

Impacts of the internet on traditional jurisdictional principles in international civil and commercial cases

Started as an undefined US military project to the current global network, the Internet has been developing and improved at an amazing speed, which also brought out enormous challenges to the traditional way of life worldwide. By analyzing the features of the Internet, this paper reveals the impacts of the Internet on jurisdictional principles applied in traditional international civil and commercial cases and aims to apply traditional rules under the new environment of the Internet. In addition, by referring to the international uniform legislation and from the US judicial theories and practices, this paper also brings out reflections and suggestions regarding this issue.     

刑事错案预防与纠错机制研究——基于浙江张氏“叔侄强奸案”的启示

法治是文明发展到一定历史阶段的标志,也是衡量一个国家发展水平的重要标尺。而余祥林案、“叔侄强奸案”等错案频频发生,引起人们对公平与正义的深深思考,而错案侵蚀着法治的精神,扭曲了法治的灵魂。在目前的刑事司法体制下,必须通过严格的刑事诉讼程序来保障刑事司法公正。基于人类认识的非至上性,司法实践中错案又不可避免地发生,因此及时纠正刑事错案是刑事司法公正的重要体现。目前我国刑事司法中存在错案发现不自觉、错案纠错不及时、申诉渠道不畅通等问题,严重影响了刑事司法公平和正义。坚持检察机关的法律监督职能,积极推动刑事错案纠错机制建设,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Regulating Legal Misconduct in the Commonwealth of Virginia

Abstract

This research reviews malfeasance committed by legal actors in Virginia over a four-year time period, and examines the corresponding sanctions imposed on them. The inquiry entails the review of disciplinary cases reviewed by the Virginia State Bar. These cases cover a vast spectrum of misconduct ranging from those seemingly venial to those that are flagrantly criminal. The sanctions imposed are examined as well as the reasons for the sanctions. Further, the study examines if rates of misconduct and severity of sanctions vary by gender. Implications that arise from the study are also discussed.     

魏晋谋反罪中的兄弟连坐——基于公孙渊案、钟会案、杨骏案的考察

若说魏晋间罪名的界定和相关处罚规定、原则存在因袭汉律或发生变异的话,仅靠律文表述恐怕不足以说明问题,有相关案例可证可佐或许是更重要的依据。就谋反罪中所涉及的兄弟连坐问题而言,公孙渊、钟会、杨骏三案具备兄弟中有人谋反,有人陈情自告却又株连入罪的共性;但处理结果却生杀两殊。在承认古人有遇事求同类比的心理前提下分析三案,恐怕我们对任何案例所要认识的并不仅仅是罪与罚的问题,而是罪与罚背后的法律观念、价值与判断,以及古人是如何理解、接受甚至批判的。     

A comparison of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases between China and the United States

In recent years, both China and the United States (US) have discovered numerous wrongful convictions, including several cases in which innocent people have been sentenced to death. These discoveries have led both countries to reform the death penalty but the extent and nature of the reforms in each country have been greatly different. This article explores the similarities and differences between the nature of wrongful convictions in death penalty cases in China and the US. It will also compare the reforms undertaken in each country. On the whole, the US has made greater progress in the prevention and correction of wrongful convictions involving the death penalty, especially in the areas of evidentiary rules and post-conviction review. In order for China to match America's success, it is necessary that China adopt more substantive reforms. China should learn from America's experience and should continue to adopt international standards of criminal justice, such as due process rights, the presumption of innocence and the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence. In the interim, China should immediately suspend all executions until adequate reforms can be carried out. Ultimately, China should surpass the US in criminal-justice reform and in the field of human rights protection by completely abolishing the death penalty and creating a more effective mechanism for criminal punishment.